Carbaryl, Carbofuran, and Methomyl - National Marine Fisheries ...

Table 49. PRZM-EXAMS exposure estimates from EPA’s BEs.
Scenario:
crop, state
Application:
rate (lbs a.i./A)/ method/
number of applications
279
Acute EEC
(μg/L)
Chronic EEC
60-d average
(μg/L) 1
Carbaryl
Sweet corn, OH 2/aerial/8; 3.4/aerial/2 53; 46 19; 13
Field corn, OH 2/aerial/4; 1/aerial/2 47; 13 14; 4
Apples, PA 2/aerial/5; 1.2/spray blast/2 31; 12 7; 2
Sugar Beets, MN 1.5/aerial/2; 1.5/aerial/1 23; 7 6; 2
Citrus, FL 5/aerial/4; 3.4/aerial/2 153; 100 41; 23
Peaches, CA 7/aerial/2; 3.5/air blast/1 57; 14 12; 3
Citrus, CA 5/aerial/4; 3.4/aerial/2 20; 7 11; 2
Tomatoes, CA 2/aerial/4; 0.66/air blast/1 17; 2 7; 1
Apples, OR 2/aerial/5; 1.2/aerial/2 19; 3 6; 1
Blackberries, OR 2/aerial/5; 1.9/air blast/1 12; 8 6; 3
Snap beans, OR 1.5/aerial/4; 0.8/ground/1 10; 1.2 1; 0.3
Carbofuran
Alfalfa, CA 1/foliar/1 6 3.0
Alfalfa, PA 1/foliar/1 7.9 4.1
Cotton, MS 1/in-furrow/1 11 5.5
Grapes, CA 10/soil surface/1 5.5 2.7
Potatoes, ME 1/not reported/2 26 14
Artichokes, CA 2/ground/1 35 19
Cotton, CA 1/in-furrow/1 0.8 0.4
Potatoes, ID 2/foliar/1; 3/in-furrow/1;
6/chemigation/1
Methomyl
6.2; 0.2; 10.4 4.0; 0.1; 6.2
Lettuce 0.9/aerial/10; 0.225/aerial/15 88; 30 81; 26
Sweet corn 0.45/aerial/16 60 54
Peaches 1.8/aerial/3 99 85
Cotton 0.6/aerial/3 55 47
1
The chronic values reported for methomyl are 56-day average concentrations rather than 60-day
average concentrations.
Utility of EECs for consultation
As described in the Approach to the Assessment section, our exposure analysis begins at
the organism (individual) level of biological organization. We consider the number, age
(or life stage), gender, and life histories of the individuals likely to be exposed. This
scale of assessment is essential as adverse effects to individuals may result in populationlevel
consequences, particularly for populations of extremely low abundance.
Characterization of impacts to individuals provides necessary information to assess
potential impacts to populations, and ultimately to the species. To assess risk to
individuals, we must consider the highest concentrations to which any individuals of the
population may be exposed. Several lines of evidence discussed below suggest that