Carbaryl, Carbofuran, and Methomyl - National Marine Fisheries ...

interpretation of results is complicated by how well the results represent natural aquatic
ecosystems and how well the studies apply to salmonid-specific assessment endpoints and risk
hypotheses. These studies typically measured individual responses of aquatic organisms to
contaminants in the presence of other species. Some are applicable to questions of trophic
effects and invertebrate recovery, as well as providing pesticide fate information. The most
useful mesocosm study results for this Opinion are those that directly pertain to identified
assessment endpoints and risk hypotheses. We discuss study results in the context of salmonid
prey responses, emphasizing survival and recovery of prey taxa as well as shifts from preferred
taxa to other taxa if measured. One of the notable limitations of these study types is they do not
take represent real world aquatic ecosystems that are degraded from various stressors including
contaminants and elevated water temperature..
Results from aquatic field studies were generally not discussed in great detail within the BEs.
We discuss field studies that evaluated identified assessment endpoints, particularly those which
address salmonid prey responses in systems with ESA-listed salmonids.
Ranges in toxicity values presented in the BEs for each a.i. are summarized in Table 64. Ranges
in toxicity values (μg/L) are organized by assessment endpoint and associated assessment
measures. The BEs provided toxicity information from EPA’s EFED Pesticide Toxicity
Database and from the ACQUIRE database.
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