Carbaryl, Carbofuran, and Methomyl - National Marine Fisheries ...

expect lower incidences of fish exposure to these compounds in surface waters following
application.
OC coho salmon enter rivers in September or October; spawning occurs in December. Fry
emerge between March and July, then move to shallow areas near the stream banks. Juvenile
coho salmon are often found in small streams less than five ft wide, and may migrate
considerable distances to rear in lakes and off-channel ponds. Generally, coho salmon spend 18
months rearing in freshwater before moving out into the ocean. Given this duration spent in
shallow freshwater habitats, they are more likely to experience higher pesticide exposure and
contaminants.
Given the limited applications of the three carbamates and low incidences within land uses that
overlap with the range of OC coho, exposure is possible, although not likely to be extensive. We
do not expect that exposure will have effects at the population level. Therefore, the risk to this
species’ survival and recovery from the stressors of the action is low for carbaryl, carbofuran,
and methomyl.
Ozette Lake Sockeye Salmon
This ESU is made up of only one historic population. Natural spawning aggregations remain on
two beaches of Ozette Lake. Two tributary spawning groups were initiated in1992 through
hatchery programs. Peak run size in the 1940s has been estimated to be between 3,000 and
18,000 fish, and actual production (i.e., including harvest) may have been as high as 50,000.
Recent estimates put the population at 3,600 – 4,600 individuals (Haggerty, Ritchie et al. 2007).
The supplemental hatchery program began with out-of-basin stocks and make up an average of
10% of the run. The proportion of beach spawners originating from the hatchery is unknown but
likely low. Uncertainty in past population counts coupled with poorly documented historical
abundance prevents calculation of population growth rates and trends.
Major threats to this population identified in the Status of Listed Resources and Environmental
Baseline sections are siltation of spawning habitat from logging activities within the watershed
and genetic effects from past interbreeding with kokanee. Almost 80% of the land cover for this
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