Carbaryl, Carbofuran, and Methomyl - National Marine Fisheries ...

Integration and Synthesis
The Integration and Synthesis section is the final step of NMFS’ assessment of the risk posed to
listed Pacific salmonids and critical habitat as a result of EPA’s registration of carbaryl,
carbofuran, and methomyl. In this section, we perform two evaluations: whether it is reasonable
to expect the proposed action is likely to (1) reduce both survival and recovery of the species in
the wild and (2) result in the destruction or adverse modification of designated critical habitat.
To address species survival and recovery, we discuss the likelihood of the proposed action to
reduce the viability of the salmonid species to such an extent that increased extinction rates are
likely. Specifically, we address whether we expect reductions in a population’s abundance and
productivity from the stressors of the action to affect a species (ESU or DPS). We also address
whether the conservation value of the physical and biological features of critical habitat is
retained. We address whether we expect reductions in the PCEs for prey availability and
degradation of water quality from the stressors of the action to reduce the conservation value of
designated critical habitat. Conclusions for each ESU/DPS and associated designated critical
habitat are found in the Conclusion section.
Effects of the Proposed Action at the Species Level
In our Effects of the Proposed Action section we assessed the effects of the federal action to
listed Pacific salmonids. We discussed the exposure, response, and risks to individuals when
they co-occur with the allowable uses of carbaryl, carbofuran, and methomyl. In addition to the
a.i.s, we also considered their metabolites and degradates, other active and inert ingredients
included in their product formulations, tank mixtures, and adjuvants authorized on their product
labels within the action area. Our analysis also considered the possibility of co-occurrence of
carbaryl, carbofuran, or methomyl with other AChE-inhibiting pesticides resulting in additive or
synergistic effects to salmonids within freshwater habitats. We assessed the stressors of the
action in the context of differing life histories, declining populations, and degraded water quality
and habitat conditions within the distribution of listed species.
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