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Gippius's deliberate struggle toward simplicity (сознательная воля к «простоте»), however, can never achieve Teresa's innocent and pure faith. Instead, like the hyper-conscious Tolstoy, Gippius twists back and forth in her poetry between faith and despair—throughout her career, but particularly in the carefully conceived and constructed Сияния. The tragedy for Gippius, however, is that she, unlike Tolstoy, remains undeceived. She recognizes the true ideal in Teresa, asks for her help and presence throughout the book, but ultimately retreats, as will become evident in the discussion of the final poem in the book, "Домой." Gippius concludes her article in За свободу! with a description of Teresa's crowning achievement—the discovery of her own spiritual path: Никаких видимых героических подвигов у Терезы нет. Нет у нее и никаких ослепительных экстазов. Но у нее есть свой духовный путь. «Это моя маленькая тропинка к Богу», говорит она, «маленькая потому, что я сама маленькая; верная, прямая тропинка, и такая простая, что всем по силам, каждому, если он даже мал и слаб, как я"… 120 Long before ever hearing of Teresa, Gippius had pursued her own spiritual path, striving to form a new church, the true Christian church, with her husband and Dmitrii Filosofov. Here, many years later, and after the Cause had been formally abandoned, she has found a spiritual exemplar who can serve as an inspiration for her own spiritual quest. While Merezhkovsky will use Teresa's example to support further the case for the Third Church, 121 Gippius will take a more personal approach, describing the extreme highs and 120 Gippius, "Liubimaia," 3. 121 In his biographical novel Маленькая Тереза, Merezhkovsky promotes Teresa as a continuer of Luther's reforms and a direct heir to Teresa of Avila and John of the Cross. She furthers their work by subconsciously acknowledging and embracing the Third Church: Маленькая Тереза, сама того не сознавая, и перешла из старой Церкви Римской в новую, Вселенскую. Первая точка этого перехода и есть свидание с Папой. Здесь же начинается и путь ее к тому великому делу всей жизни ее и святости, в котором силою тишайшей, не только миру, но и ей самой неслышимой, невидимой, изменит она круговращение земли так, что взойдет над нею новое солнце—Третье Царство Трех. Dmitrii Merezhkovsii, Malen'kaia Tereza (Ann Arbor: Ermitazh, 1984), 125. 97
lows of her spiritual journey in Сияния as a parallel journey to Teresa's. 122 Like Teresa, (как я), Gippius will struggle with doubt and despair on her individual path—a path which, like Teresa's, strives towards sainthood and resurrection. A trinity of poems: "Рождение," "Вечноженственное," and "Женскость" Sainthood and resurrection are manifestations of the poet's ultimate goal in Сияния—the unification of heaven and earth. Teresa is only one incarnation of the ideal, but, because of her closeness to Gippius, she provides particular inspiration and hope. The larger implications of Teresa's spiritual path are evident in two poems which are placed near the beginning of the book, "Рождение," and "Вечноженственное." Like "Втайне," "Рождение" is a Christmas poem: 123 Беги, беги, пещерная вода, Как пенье звонкая, как пламя чистая. Гори, гори, небесная звезда, Многоконечная, многолучистая. Дыши, дыши, прильни к Нему нежней, Святая, радостная, ночь безлунная... В тебе рожденного онежь, угрей, Солома легкая, золоторунная... Несите вести, звездные мечи, Туда, туда, где шевелится мга, Где кровью черной облиты снега, Несите вести, острые лучи. На край земли, на самый край, туда— Что родилась Свобода трехвенечная И что горит восходная Звезда, Многоочитая, многоконечная... Run, run, cave water Like sonorous singing, like a pure flame. Burn, burn, heavenly star, Many-pointed, many-rayed. 122 Gippius describes this difference in approach in the January 22, 1934 letter to Gerell: Je suis bien contente que M. Dmitry s'intéresse à des saints aussi enfin. Mais certes nous nous y prenons un peu différemment. Ce n'est pas mon »travail«, c'est ma contemplation. Pachmuss, Intellect, 540. 123 "Рождение" is dated December 24th in the actual text of Сияния. 98
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THE BOOK OF POEMS IN TWENTIETH-CENT
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© Copyright by Sarah Clovis Bishop
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In my conclusion, I pose the questi
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Acknowledgements When I arrived at
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Symbolist movement that Russian poe
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из ордена обрезани
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Other critics who have discussed th
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кончилась. Она длил
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movement, he did manage to "breathe
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personal elements, of course, remai
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Khodasevich’s lyric persona is no
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The final gifts of your earthly car
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description of Moscow on the eighth
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ноября," but the historical c
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Open to all, having exhausted all t
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символизм, ставший
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Unfortunately, with the failure of
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Still seething, runs out of a water
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however, it still retains vibrant s
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to show his growth from an unseeing
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Rachel weeping for her children and
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idylls (Слава Богу, зде
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"pseudonym" A. Beklemishev. 63 With
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Весь день по небу, н
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Плотные спусти, Тем
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heart. His frenzied tone and hatred
Page 53 and 54: "Вариация" In the 1921 edit
Page 55 and 56: An unclear noise rumbled, like the
Page 57 and 58: This sense of cyclical entrapment i
Page 59 and 60: description is largely colored by n
Page 61 and 62: this shines an evening star, a "gui
Page 63 and 64: Silently I walk up And help her, an
Page 65 and 66: Молодость. At the time of
Page 67 and 68: The newspaper hawker’s indifferen
Page 69 and 70: could have supported a life cruelly
Page 71 and 72: group. They address a point in the
Page 73 and 74: How many times have flown to you In
Page 75 and 76: Сладко после дождя
Page 77 and 78: Не плеснется рыбиц
Page 79 and 80: Within the context of Путем з
Page 81 and 82: Your hand grows stiff on the wheel,
Page 83 and 84: O, steel, passionless bird, How can
Page 85 and 86: There's a stick in his hands, he's
Page 87 and 88: traveled by his ancestors. Similarl
Page 89 and 90: Chapter Two: Zinaida Gippius's Radi
Page 91 and 92: “the given time,” that is at th
Page 93 and 94: This "summational" quality of Си
Page 95 and 96: adiance—and the fall to reality o
Page 97 and 98: As yet the addressee has not been d
Page 99 and 100: livre, au lieu de la »Vie«—»L'
Page 101 and 102: suggests the reciprocity of the rel
Page 103: her unknown, unworthy self. 117 Spi
Page 107 and 108: помнит,/Что эта ноч
Page 109 and 110: she is more concerned with her own
Page 111 and 112: pronouns она and ты. She can,
Page 113 and 114: This emphasis on the future is also
Page 115 and 116: tender" treatment ironically echoes
Page 117 and 118: This enslaved "creature" of both "
Page 119 and 120: ................ Give back to me th
Page 121 and 122: does now, in exile, but it is seemi
Page 123 and 124: in "За что?," can now release
Page 125 and 126: Through their links to the past and
Page 127 and 128: Безвременность и Ч
Page 129 and 130: The phrase "trembling eternity" per
Page 131 and 132: oth "В черту" and "Час п
Page 133 and 134: Do you want to look into your neigh
Page 135 and 136: state of "равнодушие"—a
Page 137 and 138: в желтой волне тума
Page 139 and 140: Скажу, что рая не пр
Page 141 and 142: This stanza echoes "Сложнос
Page 143 and 144: Gippius employs two "sacred" texts
Page 145 and 146: But there is only malevolence. Guis
Page 147 and 148: Chapter Three: Elena Shvarts's Work
Page 149 and 150: приключается. Пово
Page 151 and 152: circumcision of the heart. This com
Page 153 and 154: Плещет, пляшет и ст
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central one being the metaphor of L
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граничить Россия с
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an attempt to attain spiritual enli
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forgetting will figure repeatedly i
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Где служат вместе л
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and, most importantly, the repetiti
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И луна лежит на алт
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Formally, the poem is quite distinc
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В буреющий снег пол
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В метро, в постели и
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Despite this seemingly straightforw
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God into oneself and laboring to gi
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Во тьме горящей без
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the ability to show compassion for
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And spitting out the skin of sinner
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This time, however, he takes the fo
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no more suffering. 239 In the culmi
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The poem also links Christianity an
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O God, I have been serving You For
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tenth, "Уроки Аббатисс
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том, что не совсем я
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And there still more, and more… 2
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that it will drive her mad. While t
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Along the clipped lawn toward the h
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Он мне сказал: "Коль
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Conclusion While written in distinc
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centripetal types toward more centr
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While the "endless cycle" of despai
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Bibliography -------. Bibleiskaia E
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-------. Pis'ma k Berberovoi i Khod
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Merezhkovskii, Dmitrii. Malenkaia T
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-------. Trudy i dni Lavinii, Monak
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