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TABLE <strong>OF</strong> CONTENTS Abstract iii Acknowledgements vi Introduction: The Book of Poems 1 Chapter One: Vladislav Khodasevich's Way of the Grain 7 Chapter Two: Zinaida Gippius's Radiances 82 Chapter Three: Elena Shvarts's Works and Days of the Nun Lavinia 140 Conclusion 198 Bibliography 204 v
Acknowledgements When I arrived at Princeton, I never imagined that I would end up taking a formal approach to Russian poetry—I had no idea what such a thing was. I would like to thank the faculty of the Slavic Department for introducing me to many new ways of thinking. I am grateful to Olga Hasty for her wonderful classes on poetry, to Caryl Emerson for a humane (if painful, at the time) introduction to literary theory and its application to all types of literature, and to Charles Townsend for the maze of Czech grammar and the onestem verb system. Thanks also to Professors Ermolaev and Chances for their insight into Soviet and post-Soviet writing, and to Natasha Reed and David Freedel. I cannot imagine a more supportive environment in which to learn and write. Particular thanks, of course, go to my advisor, Michael Wachtel, for his generosity with both his ideas and time. Even when it took me months (sometimes approaching years) to send him new material, he would respond with thoughtful comments within days, if not hours. Such a combination of kindness, practicality and intelligence is rare—I feel very lucky to have benefited from it. I would also like to thank the community of Slavic graduate students at Princeton who challenged me intellectually and became great friends in the process. I am particularly grateful to Anne and Grady Caswell Klein, Julia Zarankin, Cole Crittenden, Sharon Lubkemann Allen, Brian Stimmler, Inna Mezhdibovskaya and Maryl and John Hallett. I owe my dissertation topic to my friend Mirande Bissell and my current job to Luda and Jim Lavine. Thank you! I have also been fortunate in my relationships outside of Princeton. At Wellesley, I would like to thank Tom Hodge, Adam Weiner and Alla Epsteyn for their support and patience with this project. Tom and Adam were kind enough to read and comment extensively on my Khodasevich chapter, and Alla was a great help in moments of linguistic crisis. I would also like to thank Jim Kodera for his insight into the Buddhist features of Shvarts's book. Thanks also to Stephanie Sandler who welcomed me into her seminar on contemporary Russian poetry at Harvard and aided me greatly in my study of Shvarts. Special thanks to Elena Shvarts, herself, who kindly answered questions about her work in several email correspondences. Finally, I would like to thank the home front. Immeasurable thanks to my parents who have supported me throughout all of my endeavors. I am very grateful for all of the opportunities they have given me. And, most importantly, thanks to my husband Eric who was truly there from start to finish (along with our faithful cat Rudy and a certain undercover agent). I couldn't have done it without him. vi
Page 1 and 2: THE BOOK OF POEMS IN TWENTIETH-CENT
Page 3 and 4: © Copyright by Sarah Clovis Bishop
Page 5: In my conclusion, I pose the questi
Page 9 and 10: Symbolist movement that Russian poe
Page 11 and 12: из ордена обрезани
Page 13 and 14: Other critics who have discussed th
Page 15 and 16: кончилась. Она длил
Page 17 and 18: movement, he did manage to "breathe
Page 19 and 20: personal elements, of course, remai
Page 21 and 22: Khodasevich’s lyric persona is no
Page 23 and 24: The final gifts of your earthly car
Page 25 and 26: description of Moscow on the eighth
Page 27 and 28: ноября," but the historical c
Page 29 and 30: Open to all, having exhausted all t
Page 31 and 32: символизм, ставший
Page 33 and 34: Unfortunately, with the failure of
Page 35 and 36: Still seething, runs out of a water
Page 37 and 38: however, it still retains vibrant s
Page 39 and 40: to show his growth from an unseeing
Page 41 and 42: Rachel weeping for her children and
Page 43 and 44: idylls (Слава Богу, зде
Page 45 and 46: "pseudonym" A. Beklemishev. 63 With
Page 47 and 48: Весь день по небу, н
Page 49 and 50: Плотные спусти, Тем
Page 51 and 52: heart. His frenzied tone and hatred
Page 53 and 54: "Вариация" In the 1921 edit
Page 55 and 56: An unclear noise rumbled, like the
Page 57 and 58:
This sense of cyclical entrapment i
Page 59 and 60:
description is largely colored by n
Page 61 and 62:
this shines an evening star, a "gui
Page 63 and 64:
Silently I walk up And help her, an
Page 65 and 66:
Молодость. At the time of
Page 67 and 68:
The newspaper hawker’s indifferen
Page 69 and 70:
could have supported a life cruelly
Page 71 and 72:
group. They address a point in the
Page 73 and 74:
How many times have flown to you In
Page 75 and 76:
Сладко после дождя
Page 77 and 78:
Не плеснется рыбиц
Page 79 and 80:
Within the context of Путем з
Page 81 and 82:
Your hand grows stiff on the wheel,
Page 83 and 84:
O, steel, passionless bird, How can
Page 85 and 86:
There's a stick in his hands, he's
Page 87 and 88:
traveled by his ancestors. Similarl
Page 89 and 90:
Chapter Two: Zinaida Gippius's Radi
Page 91 and 92:
“the given time,” that is at th
Page 93 and 94:
This "summational" quality of Си
Page 95 and 96:
adiance—and the fall to reality o
Page 97 and 98:
As yet the addressee has not been d
Page 99 and 100:
livre, au lieu de la »Vie«—»L'
Page 101 and 102:
suggests the reciprocity of the rel
Page 103 and 104:
her unknown, unworthy self. 117 Spi
Page 105 and 106:
lows of her spiritual journey in С
Page 107 and 108:
помнит,/Что эта ноч
Page 109 and 110:
she is more concerned with her own
Page 111 and 112:
pronouns она and ты. She can,
Page 113 and 114:
This emphasis on the future is also
Page 115 and 116:
tender" treatment ironically echoes
Page 117 and 118:
This enslaved "creature" of both "
Page 119 and 120:
................ Give back to me th
Page 121 and 122:
does now, in exile, but it is seemi
Page 123 and 124:
in "За что?," can now release
Page 125 and 126:
Through their links to the past and
Page 127 and 128:
Безвременность и Ч
Page 129 and 130:
The phrase "trembling eternity" per
Page 131 and 132:
oth "В черту" and "Час п
Page 133 and 134:
Do you want to look into your neigh
Page 135 and 136:
state of "равнодушие"—a
Page 137 and 138:
в желтой волне тума
Page 139 and 140:
Скажу, что рая не пр
Page 141 and 142:
This stanza echoes "Сложнос
Page 143 and 144:
Gippius employs two "sacred" texts
Page 145 and 146:
But there is only malevolence. Guis
Page 147 and 148:
Chapter Three: Elena Shvarts's Work
Page 149 and 150:
приключается. Пово
Page 151 and 152:
circumcision of the heart. This com
Page 153 and 154:
Плещет, пляшет и ст
Page 155 and 156:
central one being the metaphor of L
Page 157 and 158:
граничить Россия с
Page 159 and 160:
an attempt to attain spiritual enli
Page 161 and 162:
forgetting will figure repeatedly i
Page 163 and 164:
Где служат вместе л
Page 165 and 166:
and, most importantly, the repetiti
Page 167 and 168:
И луна лежит на алт
Page 169 and 170:
Formally, the poem is quite distinc
Page 171 and 172:
В буреющий снег пол
Page 173 and 174:
В метро, в постели и
Page 175 and 176:
Despite this seemingly straightforw
Page 177 and 178:
God into oneself and laboring to gi
Page 179 and 180:
Во тьме горящей без
Page 181 and 182:
the ability to show compassion for
Page 183 and 184:
And spitting out the skin of sinner
Page 185 and 186:
This time, however, he takes the fo
Page 187 and 188:
no more suffering. 239 In the culmi
Page 189 and 190:
The poem also links Christianity an
Page 191 and 192:
O God, I have been serving You For
Page 193 and 194:
tenth, "Уроки Аббатисс
Page 195 and 196:
том, что не совсем я
Page 197 and 198:
And there still more, and more… 2
Page 199 and 200:
that it will drive her mad. While t
Page 201 and 202:
Along the clipped lawn toward the h
Page 203 and 204:
Он мне сказал: "Коль
Page 205 and 206:
Conclusion While written in distinc
Page 207 and 208:
centripetal types toward more centr
Page 209 and 210:
While the "endless cycle" of despai
Page 211 and 212:
Bibliography -------. Bibleiskaia E
Page 213 and 214:
-------. Pis'ma k Berberovoi i Khod
Page 215 and 216:
Merezhkovskii, Dmitrii. Malenkaia T
Page 217 and 218:
-------. Trudy i dni Lavinii, Monak
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