1 - The Black Vault

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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP SOW forces leaned forward to await a deployment order.* On 11 August Colonel Hassell (1st SOW/assis - tant director of operations) was notified that he was to deploy that evening with the advanced cadre Pave Low package. With approximately 30 personnel and eight pallets of equipment and supplies, he departed Hurlburt Field on the first of two C-141B aircraft bound for Riyadh. The C- 141s were followed by a C-5 aircraft with two Pave Low helicopters onboard. The route of flight went through Goose Bay, Labrador, and on to Rhein Main AB, Germany, where Hassell met with Col Byron R. Hooten, the 39th SOW commander. With just over two hours on the ground at Rhein Main AB, Hassell briefed Hooten and his director of operations on the situation and the anticipated level of involvement of the 1st SOW. After the C-141 was refueled and serviced, Hassell and his team departed for the final leg to Riyadh. At 0400 local time on 13 August, the first C-141 touched down at Riyadh and taxied into parking. With aircraft arriving and departing continuously from Riyadh, it was important to unload as fast as possible to make room on the ramp for the next aircraft. Quickly unloading, Hassell found a vacant corner in a nearby aircraft hangar and had his team begin unpacking and setting up their SATCOM radios. He found a telephone and called back to the 1st SOW to talk with Colonel Gray. Hassell learned from Gray that the plan had changed en route and that he was to proceed on to Dhahran. As Hassell headed back to the hangar to stop the unpacking process, the C-141 that had brought him to Riyadh took off, thus leaving part of the 1st SOW element without air transportation. Although exhausted from the long flight, everyone quickly began to pack up and prepare to move. On the ramp the second C-141 was on the ground and was beginning the unloading process. As Hassell moved to the C-141, he saw the C-5 taxiing in loaded with the two Pave Low helicopters and additional support personnel. Coordinating with the MAC air lift control element (ALCE) team, he quickly told the C-5 crew to stand by and await further instructions. Moving to the C-141, he told them to stop unloading. A meeting was held behind the C-141 with the two aircraft commanders, the ALCE chief, and Colonel Hassell. They agreed to load as much of the cargo from the hangar as possible and fly on to Dhahran. In short order all but three pallets were loaded on to the C-5 and the C-141, and they were off again for their next destination. At 0900 local time the two aircraft taxied into parking at Dhahra n. 22 Al Hassell had three priorities: first, to get the Pave Low helicopters downloaded and to get them assembled; second, to get his personnel off the hot tarmac and into an adequate facility so they could get some rest and be prepared to fly; and third, to contact either SOCCENT or CEN- TAF for further instructions. As the helicopters were being unloaded, the temperature on the flight line already exceeded 112 degrees Fahrenheit, so Hassell moved his troops not involved in the download operation to a nearby empty C-12 hangar to get them out of the direct heat. With no fans or any circulation inside the hangar, the heat was stifling. Attached to the hangar was a set of offices that supported US Embassy operations at Dhahran. The facility was air-conditioned, so Hassell moved his troops into the hallways for some air-conditioned rest. It was at this time that Weaver and his ADVON team arrived from Riyadh. Weaver discussed with Hassell the facilities at KFIA, and the two agreed that initial operations should be established at Dhahran until King Fahd was ready for flight operations. It was critical that the two Pave Low helicopters be assembled, flight-checked, and put on alert with crew-rested flight crews as soon as possible if the planned Iraqi invasion materialized.2 3 Down the hallway where Hassell’s troops were resting was the ADVON party of the 1st Fighter Wing (FW) out of Langley AFB, Virginia. They had arrived as part of the first wave of forces three days earlier. Both the 1st FW commander and the Langley base commander __________ *In 1989 CINCMAC had reestablished Air Rescue Service at McClellan AFB, California, and had assigned all rescue-designated forces from Twenty-Third AF to ARS. When AFSOC was formally established as the air component of USSOCOM on 22 May 1990, a secondary mission of SOF was to be prepared to conduct “combat rescue” operations, as required. ARS was in the initial stages of upgrading its assigned forces with HH-60 Blackhawk helicopters, but did not possess an adequate force structure to execute the demanding combat search and rescue (CSAR) mission by 1990. When CINCCENT looked for a standing CSAR force that could immediately deploy to Southwest Asia, his only choice was SOF. Throughout the entire Desert Shield buildup and preparation phase, AFSOC’s assigned mission was to support CSAR operations. In Vietnam CSAR missions were flown into North Vietnam and Laos and consisted of both helicopter and fixed-wing (Sandy) support aircraft. The A-10s stationed at KFIA would prove to be the modern-day equivalent to the A-1 Skyraider of the Vietnam War era. Much work was needed, however, to develop a viable force of fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft capable of penetrating Iraqi defenses and rescuing downed crew members. As Desert Storm drew near, however, the 8th SOS Combat Talons assumed additional roles as a leaflet (PSYOPS) platform and as the delivery system for the BLU-82B 15,000-pound bomb. 344
were there. Col David L. Peebles (the Langley base commander) had been designated the mayor of Dhahran AB by CENTAF, and he agreed to provide any support that he could for Hassell and his troops.* Weaver relayed to Hassell that SOCCENT was not yet operational and recommended that he operate autonomously until the SOF higher headquarters was ready. Later in the afternoon, Peebles learned there was an airconditioned school on Dhahran airport that might be available to US forces. The school was not in session for the summer and was vacant. Peebles took Hassell to the school and quickly arranged with the school custodian for the 1st SOW contingent to move in. The custodian was glad to provide the school to the Americans. Thus, Hassell became the “slum lord” of the school, and over the next week, the number of personnel housed in the facility swelled to over 750 (175 SOF- and 600 CENTAF-assigned personnel). Col Ben Orrell (1st SOW/DO) arrived at Riyadh on 14 August with additional SOF staff personnel, and he proceeded to SOCCENT headquarters at KFIA to assume duties as the senior AFSOC officer in-theater. This was to be the last SOF flow for the next two weeks—CINC- CENT had decided that the probability of an Iraqi attack on Saudi Arabia had lessened, and the need for SOF/CSAR forces early in the deployment flow was no longer a high priority. Hassell was forced to operate his small con tingent with the equipment brought in on the two C-141s and the two C-5s. Meanwhile, the break in the flow allowed Orrell and Weaver to get a breather at KFIA. 24 As the initial 1st SOW ADVON was deploying from Hurlburt Field on 11 August, Thom Beres and the 8th SOS Combat Talon contingent departed the United States en route to Southwest Asia. With four aircraft (64-0559, 64-0562, 64- 0567, and 64-0568) and six crews, the squadron was cleared to forward deploy to RAF Woodbridge, UK, and to remain there awaiting additional instructions. Arriving in the UK on 13 August, Beres learned of the new CENTCOM priorities and was directed to remain at RAF Woodbridge for the next nine days awaiting onward-movement authorization. Personnel from the 8th SOS, who made up the initial deployment package to Southwest Asia, consisted of 38 officers and 22 enlisted personnel including the following: Pilots Navs EWOs Flt Eng ROs Phillips Calvert Anderson Gorczynski Minton Close Saier Smith Garvey Dent Davenport Bell Lawler Fleming Foster Cochran Thomas Pearson Dunn Bonck Harstad Lorenz Burnett Palmer Tagert **DeBoe Henry Pulmano **Bynum DESERT SHIELD/DESERT STORM Biermacher **Crisafi Prior Bouressa Loads Others O’Reilly Richard Crayne Beres Hinck **Tardiff Bohannon Meller Boitano **Cooper Corlew Schommer **Linder Eskind Pearson Livesay **Mohylski Franco Gobbi Baylor **Stephenson Roberson Phillips Kelly At KFIA Weaver had staked out his claim to a portion of the airfield, and SOCCENT had moved from Riyadh to colocate with the AFSOC element in the tower building. Other units were beginning to arrive and settle into KFIA, including the USA’s 101st Airborne Division and its aviation battalions. The 101st Airborne Division wanted the tower facility and the MABCO compound for its operations, and demanded much of the ramp space that Weaver had portioned for SOF aircraft. With the help of General Olson and Colonel Johnson, Orrell and Weaver were able to retain most of the real estate that they needed. The AD - VON team posted an armed guard at the MABCO compound and claimed the tower area for combined AFSOC/SOCCENT use. To prepare the airfield for flight operations, the airfields large fuel tanks were cleaned, and a source for JP-4 fuel was found. Fuel trucks to refuel the aircraft were brought in by CENTAF planners. In a short period, the airfield was brought up to minimal operational standards, but it would take another two months before it was fully operational. 25 At Dhahran Hassell had apportioned the three wings of the school to the 20th SOS, 8th SOS, and 9th SOS. The latter two squadrons were waiting to be called forward from RAF Woodbridge, UK, and Hassell was pressured into opening up the school to other CENTAF personnel. With an imprest fund of $100,000 and a contracting officer to obligate it, Hassell had procured hundreds of mattresses from the local economy by the second day in the school. By the fifth day life at the school __________ *Peebles had been the 435th TAW deputy wing commander at Rhein Main AB, Germany, and was familiar with SOF and the 7th SOS. **Denotes personnel assigned to other units and attached to the 8th SOS for flying. Carroll Gallo **Sausedo 345
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i\1 -■-'^^.■■--y^lEil^peD
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The Praetorian STARShip The Untold
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This book is dedicated to all Speci
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Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER .
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Figure Page 13 Template Shift Due t
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Page Col Don Britton, First Command
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Page Aircraft 74-1683 Crashes onto
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Foreword As a young lieutenant flyi
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About the Author USAF Photo Col Jer
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The third factor driving approval o
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A Word from the Commander We in Air
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was changed forever. The US Army Wa
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Introduction Welcome to the world o
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system, the following three chapter
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move was partially driven by the Ai
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Chapter 1 Establishment of Combat T
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ESTABLISHMENT OF COMBAT TALON coloc
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ESTABLISHMENT OF COMBAT TALON Two d
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ESTABLISHMENT OF COMBAT TALON immed
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ESTABLISHMENT OF COMBAT TALON Life
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ESTABLISHMENT OF COMBAT TALON condu
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ESTABLISHMENT OF COMBAT TALON Precu
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ESTABLISHMENT OF COMBAT TALON were
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ESTABLISHMENT OF COMBAT TALON SOG h
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Chapter 2 The Combat Talon Weapons
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although the early Fulton modificat
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM tri
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM Lt
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM as
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM mis
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM F^C
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM The
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM ./
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■ ■-:'■-:;■ ■■..kFTn \
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equipment malfunctioned, the more t
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM top
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM it
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM TEP
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM CRu
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Yank aircraft operating in the Paci
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM Fig
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM ly
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TYPICAl TANKER ORBIT PATTERN THE CO
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM Not
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP Once the Stray
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP 1968: The Estab
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP ridgeline. John
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP that it was a t
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP terrain followi
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP to intercept th
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP assigned to the
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP making multiple
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Chapter 4 Combat Spear (The Vietnam
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COMBAT SPEAR quarters and were prov
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COMBAT SPEAR f -fpadc khi ai b6 phr
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COMBAT SPEAR The study cited the fo
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COMBAT SPEAR rn nilMirif Piti.r,,!
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COMBAT SPEAR proper crew rest could
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COMBAT SPEAR proper people. Moreove
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COMBAT SPEAR we never intended to e
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COMBAT SPEAR Christmas spirit and j
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COMBAT SPEAR ■ IBDCITI |«'4llH^
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COMBAT SPEAR with good radar target
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COMBAT SPEAR two loadmasters, and t
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COMBAT SPEAR was given up. The crew
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COMBAT SPEAR killed, and 187 were w
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COMBAT SPEAR volunteers shortly aft
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COMBAT SPEAR were provided to SOG b
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COMBAT SPEAR early as January 1970.
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COMBAT SPEAR r esources resulted. A
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COMBAT SPEAR live surface-to-air pi
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served as the squadron’s administ
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COMBAT SPEAR Korean government. 139
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COMBAT SPEAR marked the beginning o
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COMBAT SPEAR 76. History, 14th Spec
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP Sembach AB to R
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP Combat Talon de
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP June also saw t
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP prisoners of wa
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP and presenting
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP 1973: Combat Ta
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP experienced wit
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Chapter 6 The Son Tay Prisoner of W
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID On
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID cr
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID Tr
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID al
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID th
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID RT
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID se
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID ob
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID se
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Chapter 7 Between the Wars (1975-79
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BETWEEN THE WARS Tentatively, the p
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BETWEEN THE WARS be undertaken in M
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BETWEEN THE WARS was established as
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BETWEEN THE WARS From 28 March to 1
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BETWEEN THE WARS The 7575th OG exer
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BETWEEN THE WARS The last half of t
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BETWEEN THE WARS during 1978 the sq
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BETWEEN THE WARS Italy for the firs
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BETWEEN THE WARS SOW CCT member lin
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Chapter 8 The Iranian Rescue Missio
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION shah had
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION were oth
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The 1st SOW maintained the four gun
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION Crew 1 C
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION large ru
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION helicopt
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION or barra
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION Since th
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executing the mission. Kyle had jus
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION addition
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION where he
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION the resc
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equired eight and one-half hours of
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The prototype Benson tank was opera
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NVG landings. Because of the short
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION the 1st
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION of the C
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION transmis
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION Photo co
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION Photo co
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION Fleming
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION had land
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION outside
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION ^f5
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION vertical
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION a decisi
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION Notes 1.
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Chapter 9 Project Honey Badger and
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PROJECT HONEY BADGER AND CREDIBLE S
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adar system similar to the Combat T
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0428 local, made its tactical landi
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Chapter 10 From Desert One to Point
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Talon community. 8 The IFR modifica
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES an
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES sq
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exercise aircraft on the ground wer
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standard operating procedures for c
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES un
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to MAC’s newly formed Twenty-Thir
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES se
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES an
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plan, Colonel Hudspeth arrived in t
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES At
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES MA
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for five Combat Talons, Hobson and
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES US
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES de
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES as
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il-u Grenada Firlih Hunlfe^ Fiuil
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES th
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES 10
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP five-light syst
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Page 342 and 343: PRAETORIAN STARSHIP 28. History, 2d
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Page 348 and 349: PRAETORIAN STARSHIP process. Events
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Page 382 and 383: PRAETORIAN STARSHIP ready for testi
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Page 392 and 393: PRAETORIAN STARSHIP experts destroy
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Page 398 and 399: major eruption occurred. Seismograp
Page 404 and 405: headquarters. For AFSOC McPeak’s
Page 406 and 407: culmination of years of hard work b
Page 412 and 413: flew a SOCEUR assessment team into
Page 414 and 415: Early in the spring of 1993, all th
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MOUNT PINATUBO TO OPERATION JOINT E
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Chapter 15 Operation Assured Respon
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OPERATION ASSURED RESPONSE TO THE N
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fuel available at the new location
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Epilogue 2000 and Beyond: A Combat
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surface will be covered by layers o
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Live Fulton STARS Made by Combat Ta
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Person Date Location Recovery Pilot
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Partial Summary of Upgrades, MOD-90
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—X Band Receiver/Transmitter: On
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Glossary AAA AAF ABCCC ABW ACS AD A
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CTJTF CTMR CTW CV DCS DCSO DIA DMZ
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MATS MC MCAS MCM MEU MFF MFP MIA MO
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SKE SLOG SMM SOAR SOCCENT SOCCT SOC
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Index Aircraft B-17: 2-4, 15, 17, 2
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Far East Command (FECOM): 5-8 Fulto
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