1 - The Black Vault

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OPERATION ASSURED RESPONSE TO THE NEW MILLENNIUM MC-130H aircraft, crew, and support personnel executed missions that primarily revolved around an airborne threat scenario during the USEUCOMsponsored JCET event. Hungarian Air Force MiG aircraft, along with surface-to-air-missile systems, challenged the 7th SOS crew as it flew tactical profiles. The training was realistic, with both sides gaining valuable experience flying against each military’s weapons systems. The JCET was highly successful and helped to promote a positive military-to-military relationship between Hungary and the United States. 80 The second ORI rehearsal was conducted from 1 to 12 March during Exercise Adventure Express. The 352d SOG deployed one 7th SOS MC- 130H Combat Talon II and a robust A staff to replicate the one to be used during the ORI. An AFSOD was established at the deployed location, and it reported to JTF Norway during the course of the exercise. To challenge the staff and to provide valuable tracking experience, the AFSOD not only reported the daily status of the MC-130H but also reported on the remainder of group aircraft located back at home station. The flying portion of the exercise was challenging, with high winds associated with fronts passing through the exercise area canceling several sorties. The high winds created moderate to severe turbulence in the mountains and impacted the parachutists’ ability to safely land on the DZ. The two-week exercise was an excellent second step in the group’s prepa - ration for the fall inspection. 81 During the next three months, the 7th SOS op - erated primarily out of home station flying training lines and supporting short-duration tasking. Unrest in Central Africa caused SOCEUR to put elements of the 352d SOG on alert during the March time frame, including the four MC-130H Combat Talons of the 7th SOS. Tasking was eventually eliminated for the 7th SOS aircraft, but on 24 March the 352d SOG deployed a package consisting of MC-130Ps and MH-53Js to support Operation Guardian Retrieval. After completion of tasking, all group assets returned to RAF Mildenhall on 10 April. 82 Tensions remained high in Central and Western Africa, and by May the group was again on alert. After several days of intense planning, USEUCOM deleted the 352d SOG from its deployment alert status. 83 On Saturday, 7 June 1997, the 352d SOG received verbal tasking for Operation Firm Response, a possible NEO in the Central African country of the Republic of the Congo. The 7th SOS placed two aircrews in crew rest for possible deployment in response to the deteriorating situation. Stability continued to decrease in the capital city of Brazzaville, and on 8 June the two 7th SOS MC-130H Combat Talon IIs launched and headed to Stuttgart, Germany, to link up with SOCEUR personnel at Patch Barracks. The first Talon arrived at Stuttgart at 0245Z on Monday, 9 June, and the crew immediately entered crew rest for possible onward movement to Central Africa. The second Talon experienced a short maintenance delay before departure from RAF Mildenhall and did not arrive in Stuttgart until 0601Z on 9 June. The second crew also went into crew rest for the pending mission. Members of Crew One (call sign Whisk 05, Talon 86-1699) included Captain Foster, Captain Baker, Captain Walker, Captain Ramsey, Staff Sergeant Hoyt, Master Sergeant Scott, Tech Sergeant Baker, and Colonel Kisner. Members of Crew Two (call sign Whisk 21, 87-0023) were Captain Corallo, Captain Garstka, Captain Toth, Captain Burford, Tech Sergeant Colpitts, Tech Sergeant Riddell, and Staff Sergeant Grimes. Upon arrival at Stuggart the mission commander, Colonel Kisner, was met by Captain Simmons (also of the 7th SOS) and taken to SOCEUR Headquarters for an updated mission briefing. 84 The SOCEUR planning staff had developed various courses of action (COA) for the operation. The COAs ranged from the insertion of a robust security force into the American embassy compound in Brazzaville to the insertion of a 12-man ESAT. The ESAT was composed primarily of US Army and Navy special operators equipped with a communications package that gave CINCEUR an eyes-on-target assessment of the situation in and around the embassy. With the ESAT recommenda - tions in-hand, SOCEUR and EUCOM planners could then tailor any additional response, as needed. The larger security team was designed to augment the US Marine security force at the embassy and provide additional firepower should the embassy come under direct attack. 85 Throughout the day planning continued, but the situation seemed to stabilize somewhat as embassy reports filtered into SOCEUR Headquarters. Reports were so favorable that SOCEUR released its planning staff for a much needed rest at 1830Z on 9 June. However, sporadic reports from the embassy indicated that the situation was worsening, and by 1930Z EUCOM made the decision to launch both Combat Talons with a robust ESAT composed of both the assessment team and a beefed-up security element. Both crews were alerted, and they departed Panzer Kassern for 435
PRAETORIAN STARSHIP Stuttgart AAF at 2045Z. When the crews arrived at the airfield, they learned that the plan had changed once again. Instead of the two-ship package, the force had been trimmed back to fit into one Combat Talon. The 12-man ESAT was equipped with two Humvees to provide it mobility on the ground in Brazzaville. The Combat Talon contingent consisted of the seven-man Whisk 05 crew, and a special tactics team led by Captain Collins. Other USAF personnel making up the deployment package included Staff Sergeant McAlister, dedicated crew chief; Senior Airman Zdancewicz, turbo prop specialist; Airman First Class Burghardt, security police (force protection); Airman First Class Evans, security police (force protection); and Captain Jones, 352d SOG logistics planner. 86 The combined package included 30 personnel, their gear, and the two Humvees. Each Humvee was loaded with additional water, ammunition, and rations needed for an extended operation. In total more than 22,000 pounds of equipment was loaded on board the one Combat Talon. For the mission the crew had to use the emergency war planning weight of 175,000 pounds. Three IFRs were scheduled to allow the Combat Talon to make the long flight nonstop. On Tuesday, 10 June 1997, at 0100Z, aircraft 86-1699, call sign Whisk 05, departed Stuttgart and headed south towards the Mediterranean and into Algerian airspace. The second Combat Talon crew, in aircraft 87-0023, went back into crew rest and was placed in alert status at Stuttgart for follow-on tasking. 87 Whisk 05 rendezvoused with two KC-135 tankers over Algeria four hours and 45 minutes after takeoff and began the first of three IFRs. Although Algerian overflight had been approved to reduce the deployment time, the lack of suitable alternate airfields over the vast Sahara Desert required the crew to refuel up to 175,000 pounds during each refueling. Because of the high outside temperature and the aircraft’s heavy gross weight, the last 10,000 pounds of fuel had to be onloaded during a descent (or toboggan) maneuver. Rising terrain and extended time on the boom taxed the Talon crew, but after two hours and 30 minutes of taking fuel during the three refuelings, the Talon departed the southern end of the refueling track and headed into Niger. Brazzaville was still six hours away, and the Combat Talon had to fly over Niger, Nigeria, and Cameroon to get to its destination (fig. 52). At approximately four hours out from landing, Whisk 05 was informed by way of secure satellite radio to expect evacuees when they arrived. Two hours out from landing, crew loadmasters handed out flak jackets and prepared their weapons, and maintenance personnel assisted in positioning Kevlar mats to be used to protect the evacuees during departure. 88 At approximately 15 miles north of Brazzaville, the EUCOM Command Center informed the crew that a firefight was occurring near the control tower. The crew was directed to hold north of the airfield and was asked how long could it hold before having to divert. With only 20 minutes of fuel reserve remaining, Whisk 05 requested permission from EUCOM to land if the French forces controlling the airfield cleared the aircraft for landing. EUCOM responded with permission to continue but stated that the crew assumed the risk associated with its action. The Talon was subsequently cleared for the approach by a French controller in the tower, and the crew flew a self-contained approach to runway 06. The crew made a textbook approach, turning tightly around mountains north of the airfield and avoiding built-up areas to the west. In broad daylight and with the firefight barely contained, the Talon crew touched down at 1521Z after a 14.4-hour flight from Stuttgart. The aircraft was instructed to remain on the runway and to taxi to the departure end. Once there the loadmasters began a rapid off-load of the ESAT and its two Humvees. The Kevlar bulletproof mats were installed on the aircraft floor, and within five minutes of the initial landing, the aircraft was fully prepared to accept its passengers. 89 A cordon of French forces established a perimeter around the tall grass on either side of the Combat Talon, and additional French soldiers escorted the evacuees from the aero club hangar to the awaiting aircraft. In total 56 scared, confused, and shellshocked noncombatants were rapidly loaded on to the Combat Talon. The ESAT team came under fire as it waited for the aircraft to finish the loading process. At 1544Z, just 23 minutes after landing, Whisk 05 was again airborne and headed for its next destination of Libreville, Gabon. After another 2.4 hours of flying time, the aircraft landed with 30 Americans and 26 nationals from 11 different countries and 9,000 pounds of fuel remaining. In total the crew logged 16.8 hours and flew a grueling 21-hour crew duty day.* 90 __________ *The 7th SOS crew was awarded the 1997 MacKay Trophy for the “most meritorious flight for the year by either an Air Force military member or an aircrew.” The award also recognized the crew for “gallantry, intrepidity, unusual initiative, resourcefulness, and achievement of outstanding results.” Personnel receiving the prestigious award were Lieutenant Colonel Kisner, Major (Dr.) Michaelson, Captain Baker, Captain Foster, Captain Ramsey, Captain Toth, Master Sergeant Scott, Tech Sergeant Baker, Staff Sergeant Hensdill, and Staff Sergeant Hoyt. 91 436
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i\1 -■-'^^.■■--y^lEil^peD
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The Praetorian STARShip The Untold
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This book is dedicated to all Speci
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Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER .
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Figure Page 13 Template Shift Due t
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Page Col Don Britton, First Command
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Page Aircraft 74-1683 Crashes onto
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Foreword As a young lieutenant flyi
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About the Author USAF Photo Col Jer
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The third factor driving approval o
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A Word from the Commander We in Air
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was changed forever. The US Army Wa
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Introduction Welcome to the world o
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system, the following three chapter
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move was partially driven by the Ai
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Chapter 1 Establishment of Combat T
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ESTABLISHMENT OF COMBAT TALON coloc
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ESTABLISHMENT OF COMBAT TALON Two d
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ESTABLISHMENT OF COMBAT TALON immed
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ESTABLISHMENT OF COMBAT TALON Life
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ESTABLISHMENT OF COMBAT TALON condu
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ESTABLISHMENT OF COMBAT TALON Precu
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ESTABLISHMENT OF COMBAT TALON were
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ESTABLISHMENT OF COMBAT TALON SOG h
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Chapter 2 The Combat Talon Weapons
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although the early Fulton modificat
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM tri
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM Lt
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM as
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM mis
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM F^C
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM The
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM ./
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■ ■-:'■-:;■ ■■..kFTn \
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equipment malfunctioned, the more t
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM top
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM it
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM TEP
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM CRu
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Yank aircraft operating in the Paci
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM Fig
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM ly
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TYPICAl TANKER ORBIT PATTERN THE CO
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THE COMBAT TALON WEAPONS SYSTEM Not
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP Once the Stray
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP 1968: The Estab
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP ridgeline. John
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP that it was a t
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP terrain followi
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP to intercept th
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP assigned to the
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP making multiple
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Chapter 4 Combat Spear (The Vietnam
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COMBAT SPEAR quarters and were prov
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COMBAT SPEAR f -fpadc khi ai b6 phr
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COMBAT SPEAR The study cited the fo
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COMBAT SPEAR rn nilMirif Piti.r,,!
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COMBAT SPEAR proper crew rest could
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COMBAT SPEAR proper people. Moreove
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COMBAT SPEAR we never intended to e
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COMBAT SPEAR Christmas spirit and j
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COMBAT SPEAR ■ IBDCITI |«'4llH^
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COMBAT SPEAR with good radar target
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COMBAT SPEAR two loadmasters, and t
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COMBAT SPEAR was given up. The crew
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COMBAT SPEAR killed, and 187 were w
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COMBAT SPEAR volunteers shortly aft
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COMBAT SPEAR were provided to SOG b
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COMBAT SPEAR early as January 1970.
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COMBAT SPEAR r esources resulted. A
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COMBAT SPEAR live surface-to-air pi
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served as the squadron’s administ
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COMBAT SPEAR Korean government. 139
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COMBAT SPEAR marked the beginning o
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COMBAT SPEAR 76. History, 14th Spec
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP Sembach AB to R
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP Combat Talon de
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP June also saw t
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP prisoners of wa
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP and presenting
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP 1973: Combat Ta
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP experienced wit
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Chapter 6 The Son Tay Prisoner of W
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID On
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID cr
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID Tr
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID al
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID th
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID RT
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID se
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID ob
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THE SON TAY PRISONER OF WAR RAID se
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Chapter 7 Between the Wars (1975-79
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BETWEEN THE WARS Tentatively, the p
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BETWEEN THE WARS be undertaken in M
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BETWEEN THE WARS was established as
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BETWEEN THE WARS From 28 March to 1
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BETWEEN THE WARS The 7575th OG exer
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BETWEEN THE WARS The last half of t
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BETWEEN THE WARS during 1978 the sq
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BETWEEN THE WARS Italy for the firs
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BETWEEN THE WARS SOW CCT member lin
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Chapter 8 The Iranian Rescue Missio
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION shah had
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION were oth
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The 1st SOW maintained the four gun
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION Crew 1 C
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION large ru
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION helicopt
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION or barra
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION Since th
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executing the mission. Kyle had jus
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION addition
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION where he
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION the resc
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equired eight and one-half hours of
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The prototype Benson tank was opera
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NVG landings. Because of the short
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION the 1st
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION of the C
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION transmis
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION Photo co
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION Photo co
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION Fleming
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION had land
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION outside
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION ^f5
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION vertical
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION a decisi
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THE IRANIAN RESCUE MISSION Notes 1.
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Chapter 9 Project Honey Badger and
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PROJECT HONEY BADGER AND CREDIBLE S
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adar system similar to the Combat T
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0428 local, made its tactical landi
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Chapter 10 From Desert One to Point
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Talon community. 8 The IFR modifica
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES an
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES sq
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exercise aircraft on the ground wer
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standard operating procedures for c
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES un
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to MAC’s newly formed Twenty-Thir
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES se
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES an
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plan, Colonel Hudspeth arrived in t
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES At
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES MA
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for five Combat Talons, Hobson and
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES US
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES de
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES as
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il-u Grenada Firlih Hunlfe^ Fiuil
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES th
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FROM DESERT ONE TO POINT SALINES 10
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP five-light syst
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP the total force
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP interest the co
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP operations exer
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP forces in being
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP 1986: The Goldw
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP With rumors swi
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP Photo courtesy
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP all on-aircraft
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP Dur ing the fol
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP the ORI overwhe
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP H ■ BB a FT-
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP 28. History, 2d
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP ranks to become
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP continued to ve
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP process. Events
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP launch. By 1730
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP USAF Photo Crew
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP spacing between
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP vegetation grow
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP Task Force Blac
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP JTF-South force
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP 21. Ibid. 22. I
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP Cope Thunder Wi
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP the first night
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP Within days of
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP SOW forces lean
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP was “not bad.
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP --7^*—1^, ■
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP ready for testi
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP start of the ai
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP Orrell had depl
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP 16 January the
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP Saudi Arabia. H
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PRAETORIAN STARSHIP experts destroy
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Chapter 14 Mount Pinatubo to Operat
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MOUNT PINATUBO TO OPERATION JOINT E
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major eruption occurred. Seismograp
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headquarters. For AFSOC McPeak’s
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culmination of years of hard work b
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Page 412 and 413: flew a SOCEUR assessment team into
Page 414 and 415: Early in the spring of 1993, all th
Page 444 and 445: Chapter 15 Operation Assured Respon
Page 446 and 447: OPERATION ASSURED RESPONSE TO THE N
Page 452 and 453: fuel available at the new location
Page 486 and 487: Epilogue 2000 and Beyond: A Combat
Page 488 and 489: surface will be covered by layers o
Page 490 and 491: Live Fulton STARS Made by Combat Ta
Page 492 and 493: Person Date Location Recovery Pilot
Page 494 and 495: Partial Summary of Upgrades, MOD-90
Page 496 and 497: —X Band Receiver/Transmitter: On
Page 498 and 499: Glossary AAA AAF ABCCC ABW ACS AD A
Page 500 and 501: CTJTF CTMR CTW CV DCS DCSO DIA DMZ
Page 502 and 503: MATS MC MCAS MCM MEU MFF MFP MIA MO
Page 504 and 505: SKE SLOG SMM SOAR SOCCENT SOCCT SOC
Page 506 and 507: Index Aircraft B-17: 2-4, 15, 17, 2
Page 508 and 509: Far East Command (FECOM): 5-8 Fulto
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