TABLE OF CONTENTS - The Professional Green Building Council

Theme B: Creating a livable, healthy and environmentally viable citiesFigure 1: Comparative direct and indirect energy demand of Chinese and Asiancities [3].2.4 The Density/Energy Curve and the Transformation of Asian CitiesA survey carried out in the 80s on 32 cities across the world by P. Newman and J.Kenworthy [4] on the effects of density on energy consumption linked to transport,revealed a strong relationship between the transportation energy and the populationdensity. In 1980, around twice as much fuel was consumed for transport inAmerican cities than in Australian cities, four times more than in European citiesand six times more than in the considered Asian cities (Fig 2).Figure 2: Urban density and energy consumption [4].This relationship between energy consumption and the population density of citieswas confirmed by subsequent studies: P.Naess (1996) concerning Scandinaviancities, V. Fouchier (1997) for the Ile- de-France, ECOTEC (1993) for GreatBritain, etc.At the end of the 1970s, the work carried out by Y. Zahavi [5], a World Bankresearcher, provided a statistical explanation of the relationship between city,415