TABLE OF CONTENTS - The Professional Green Building Council

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Theme B: Creating a livable, healthy and environmentally viable citiesdoes not render explicit information about the vertical and horizontal temperaturegradients, it is assumed to be detailed enough to represent the overall thermalcharacteristics of any double skin system and in particular for determining optimalcontrol actions.x 1x 5x 2x 4x 3x 6Figure 3: Simplified system in 2D (● = state variables)In mathematically formulating the direct, diffuse and reflected solar radiation andlong wave radiation between surfaces, we used the theoretical model suggested byRheault and Bilgen [2] without much modification. Based on the assumption of afictitious cavity (Fig. 4) bounded by adjacent louver slats, interior and exteriorglazing, the direct and diffuse solar radiation, and its reflection are calculated.In the modeling of the convective heat transfer, the six unknown convective heattransfer coefficients ( h out, h , h , h , h , h ) (Fig. 4) should be estimated becauseca,1ca ,2 ca ,3 ca ,4 inthe literature values of those coefficients presented in [3]-[5] are empirically drivenfor general cases and thus, can significantly vary according to the systemconfiguration, location, surroundings, the nature of the surface, micro-climaticenvironment, etc. In the cavity, different vertical and horizontal heat flow patternswill occur with changing temperatures and varying positions of the curved louverslats and bottom and top openings. Unfortunately, there is very limited dataavailable on these behaviors. Thus, these coefficients have to be identified with asuitable parameter estimation technique, based on extensive data points obtainedfrom experiments. This will be discussed in the following section.500
Theme B: Creating a livable, healthy and environmentally viable citiesh ca4h h out h ca3 ca2 h inh ca1Figure 4: Unknown convective transfer coefficientsThe modeling of the airflow in Mode #1-2 (Fig.5) is discussed in [1]. The averageairflow speed in cavity ( u caexpressed Eq. (1) [1].) in the indoor circulation mode (Fig5 [1], [2]) can beuca= uca , b=xOH gL52D f x− xinin(1)where uca.bis the cavity air velocity driven by buoyancy, OH is the open height ofthe ventilation damper, D is the depth of the cavity, g is the gravity acceleration, Lis the height of the cavity, f is the form loss factor, xinis the indoor air temperatureand x5is the cavity air temperature.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]Figure 5: Airflow modes (louver slats not drawn for clarity)The average airflow speed in cavity ( u ca ) in the outdoor circulation mode (Fig 5[3]-[4]) is influenced by the surface wind pressure as well as the temperaturedifference. According to the Bernoulli equation, wind pressure ( p w ) is calculated asEq. (2) and the amount of airflow due to wind pressure ( Qca,w) as Eq (3).pQwca,w2uout= C ρ (2)p2( )= c p (3)wn501
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Funding OrganisationCOMMERCE AND EC
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Ms. S.Y. Shum, Anna, Lecturer, Divi
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以绿色思维创新绿色
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ENHANCING SUSTAINABILITY DELIVERABL
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Theme A: Connecting the Pearl River
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精宜之道 ”。所谓 “
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to use suitable technology. Additio
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Theme B: Creating a livable, health
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Page 462 and 463: Theme B: Creating a livable, health
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Theme C: Education and Market Trans
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TABLE OF CONTENTS - The Professional Green Building Council

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