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Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

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108<strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Waste</strong>, <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Quality</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Health</strong>Low, J. C., McKendrick, I. J., McKechnie, C., Fenlon, D., Naylor, S. W., Currie, C., Smith,D. G., Allison, L. <strong>and</strong> Gally, D. L. (2005). Rectal carriage of enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli O157 in slaughtered cattle. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71, 93–97.Majewska, A. C., Solarczyk, P., Tamang, L. <strong>and</strong> Gracyk, T. K. (2004). EquineCryptosporidium infections in western Pol<strong>and</strong>. Parasitol. Res., 93, 274–278.Manning, S. D., Motiwala, A. S., Springman, A. C., Qi, W., Lacher, D. W., Ouellette, L. M.,Mladonicky, J. M., Somsel, P., Rudrik, J. T., Dietrich, S. E., Zhang, W., Swaminathan,B., All<strong>and</strong>, D <strong>and</strong> Whittam, T. S. (2008). Variation in virulence among clades ofEscherichia coli O157:H7 associated with disease outbreaks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.USA., 105, 4868–73.Maule, A. (2000). Survival of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 in soil, water <strong>and</strong> onsurfaces. Symp. Ser. Soc. Appl. Microbiol., 29, 71S–78S.Mead, P. S., Slutsker, L., Dietz, V., McCaig, L. F., Bresee, J. S., Shapirp, C., Griffin, P. M.<strong>and</strong> Tauxe, R. V. (1999). Food-related illness <strong>and</strong> death in the United States. Emerg.Infect. Dis., 5, 607–625.Mishu, B., Kehler, J., Lee, L. A. <strong>and</strong> Rodrigue, D. (1994). Outbreaks of Salmonellaenteritidis infections in the United States, 1985–1991. J. Infect. Dis., 169, 547–552.Mohammed, H. O., Wade, S. E. <strong>and</strong> Schaaf, S. L. (1999). Risk factors associated withCryptosporidium parvum infection in dairy cattle in southeastern New York State.Vet. Parasit., 83, 1–13.Moore, D. A., Atwill, E. R., Kirk, J., Brahmbatt, D., Herrera, L. A., Hou, L., Ward, E., Miller,T. <strong>and</strong> Singer, M. D. (2003). Clinical signs <strong>and</strong> oocyst shedding of Cryptosporidiumparvum in experimentally-challenged neonatal calves fed decoquinate. J.A.V.M.A.,223, 839–845.Mueller-Doblies, D., Gilesa, M., Elwin, K., Smith, R. P., Clifton-Hadley, F. A. <strong>and</strong>Chalmers, R. M. (2008). Distribution of Cryptosporidium species in sheep in theUK. Veterinary Parasitology, 154, 214–219.NAHMS (1996). E. coli O157:H7 <strong>and</strong> Salmonella-status on U.S. dairy operations http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/ceah/ncahs/nahms/dairy/dairy96/ecosalm98.pdfNAHMS (2002). Salmonella on U.S. Dairy Operations: Prevalence <strong>and</strong> AntimicrobialDrug Susceptibility http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/ceah/ncahs/nahms/dairy/dairy02/Dairy02_Salmonella.pdfNaylor, S. W., Low, J. C., Besser, T. E., Mahajan, A., Gunn, G. J., Pearce, M. C., McKendrick,I. J., Smith, D. G. <strong>and</strong> Gally, D. L. (2003). Lymphoid follicle-dense mucosa at theterminal rectum is the principal site of colonization of enterohemorrhagic Escherichiacoli O157:H7 in the bovine host. Infect. Immun., 71, 1505–1512.Nicholson, F. A., Groves, S. J. <strong>and</strong> Chambers, B. J. (2005). Pathogen survival duringlivestock manure storage <strong>and</strong> following l<strong>and</strong> application. Bioresour Technol., 96(2),135–143.Nielsen, E. M. (2002). Occurrence <strong>and</strong> strain diversity of thermophilic campylobacters incattle of different age groups in dairy herds. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 35, 85–89.Nydam, D. V., Wade, S. E., Schaaf, S. L. <strong>and</strong> Mohammed, H. O. (2001). Number ofCryptosporidium parvum oocysts or Giardia spp. cysts shed by dairy calves afternatural infection. Am. J. Vet. Res., 62, 1612–1615.

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