Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

Index 473Probiotics, 132–133Protozoon/protozoa, 11, 21, 40, 66, 69, 73,79, 83, 95, 98, 238, 261–262, 264,269, 271, 278–279, 299, 320Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 146, 420Public healthEducation, 119, 131, 285, 287, 291,293–294, 297–298, 300–302, 343,352, 450, 453, 457Public sectorsQuality Adjusted Life Year (Qaly), 433Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment(QMRA), 367, 368Questionnaire, 34, 420, 422, 439, 447,452, 454Rainfall, 5–7, 10, 30, 48, 54, 90, 100, 122,143, 170, 176, 179, 198–200,205–207, 220, 222–223, 227,230–233, 236, 240–244, 260–261,276, 279, 284, 289–290, 305, 307,310, 314, 333, 344, 373–374, 415,420, 452, 455Ranking, 19–21, 23, 51, 56, 160–162, 165,167, 370, 393, 440, 443Rapid methods, 288, 312, 349Recreationalrecreational activities, 49, 292, 296, 299,303, 390recreational bathing water qualityimprovements, 445recreational water, 2, 5, 8, 16, 22, 27–28,31, 41, 49, 54, 76, 93, 175, 179, 194,262, 266, 272–273, 278, 281, 292,301, 310–311, 315–316, 318, 321,325–327, 334, 338, 345–350, 352,355, 358–359, 364–366, 370, 372,376, 378, 382–383, 387–389, 413,425, 428, 430, 435–436, 438–441,444–446recreation water quality, 86–98Reedbed Treatment System, 239Regression models, 226RegulationRegulatory measures, 6, 292, 343Relative Risk, 194, 315, 321, 361,363–364, 367, 370, 375–376,378–390Remediation, 19–21, 176, 179, 186, 196,245, 249, 290–291, 295–296, 308,328, 337–338, 340–341, 344Remediation initiatives, 296Reservoir hosts, 2, 36–37, 123, 128Resuspension, 190, 260Revealed preference, 438, 440, 443RicePaddies, 258, 263–264Fields, 35, 86, 99, 240, 245, 247, 258,264, 313, 432Riparian buffer stripRiskRisk assessment paradigms, 366Risk attribution, 285Risk characterization, 362, 364,405, 413Risk communication, 362–363Risk of exposure, 259, 274, 321, 364, 387Risk factor, 46, 89–90, 141, 301,303, 423Risk management, 51, 56, 148, 300,362–363, 367, 410–412Relative Risk, 194, 315, 321, 361,363–364, 367, 370, 375–376,378–390Salmonella spp., 41, 95, 266, 271, 334,335, 423Salmonella enterica, 24, 60, 62–63, 65,79, 92, 100, 104, 109–111,116–117, 144, 146, 151, 318, 411Salmonella in humans, 24, 41–45, 73, 76,90, 93Salmonella in poultry, 117–118,133–134, 156Salmonella serotypes, 93, 155