Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

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Indicators, sanitary surveys and source attribution techniques 359Whitman, R., Nevers, M., & Gerovac, P. (1999). Interaction of ambient conditions andfaecal coliform bacteria in southern Lake Michigan waters: monitoring programmeimplications. Nat. Areas J., 19, 166–171.Whitman, R., & Nevers, M. (2003a). Foreshore sand as a source of Escherichia coli innearshore water of a Lake Michigan beach. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69(9),5555–5562.Whitman, R., Shively, D., Pawlik, H., Nevers, M., & Byappanahalli, M. (2003b).Occurrence of Escherichia coli and enterococci in Cladophora (Chlorophyta) innearshore water and beach sand of Lake Michigan. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69(8),4714–4719.Whitman, R. (2004). A regional nowcast model for southern Lake Michigan using datareadily available to beach managers. Presented at the USEPA National BeachesConference, San Diego, CA, 14 October 2004.Whitman, R., Nevers, M., Korinek, G., & Byappanahalli, M. (2004a). Solar and temporaleffects on Escherichia coli concentration at a Lake Michigan swimming beach.Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70(7), 4276–4285.Whitman, R., Nevers, M., Korinek, G., & Byappanahalli, M. (2004b). Solar and temporaleffects on Escherichia coli concentration at a Lake Michigan swimming beach.Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70(7), 4276–4285.Wiggins, B. (1996). Discriminant analysis of antibiotic resistance patterns in faecalstreptococci – A method to differentiate human and animal sources of faecalpollution in natural waters: Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62(11), 3997–4002.Wiggins, B., Cash, P., Creamer, W., Dart, S., Garcia, P., Gerecke, T., Han, J., Henry, B.,Hoover, K., Johnson, E., Jones, K., McCarthy, J., McDonough, J., Mercer, S., Noto,M., Park, H., Phillips, H., Purner, S., Smith, B., Stevens, E., & Varner, A. (2003).Use of antibiotic resistance analysis for representativeness testing of multiwatershedlibraries. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69(6), 3399–3405.Wolf, S., Williamson, W., Hewitt, J., Rivera-Aban, M., Lin, S., Ball, A., Scholes, P., &Greening, G. (2007). Sensitive multiplex real-time reverse transcription-PCR assayfor the detection of human and animal noroviruses in clinical and environmentalsamples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 73, 5464–5470.WHO/UNEP/VKI. (1997). Analytical quality assurance and control. World HealthOrganization, Geneva.WHO. (1999). Health based monitoring of recreational waters: the feasibility of a newapproach (the Annapolis Protocol). Geneva: WHO, 1999. (WHO/SDE/WSH/99.1).Geneva: World Health Organization.WHO. (2003). Guidelines for safe recreational water environments, vol. 1. coastal and freshwaters. Online: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2003/9241545801.pdf.World Health Organization, Geneva.Wu, J., Yue, J., Hu, R., Yang, Z., & Zhang, L. (2008). Use of caffeine and humanpharmaceutical compounds to identify sewage contamination. proceedings of worldacademy of science. Engineering and Technology, 34, October 2008.
360Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human HealthYamahara, K., Walters, S., & Boehm, A. (2009). Growth of Enterococci in unaltered,Unseeded Beach Sands subjected to tidal wetting. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 75(6),1517–1524.Yan, T., & Sadowsky, M. (2007). Determining sources of faecal bacteria in waterways.Environ. Mon. Assess., 129(1–3), 97–106.
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Emerging Issues in Water and Infect
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World Health Organization and IWA P
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Published on behalf of the World He
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viiiAnimal Waste, Water Quality and
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3Zoonotic waterborne pathogen loads
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Zoonotic waterborne pathogen loads
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the cause of a variety of food- and
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4Zoonotic waterbornepathogens in li
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Zoonotic waterborne pathogens in li
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controlling E. coli-associated diar
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5Transport of microbial pollution i
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Transport of microbial pollution in
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7ExposureWill Robertson and Gordon
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Exposure 259main components influen
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Exposure 261rainfall events (Atherh
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Exposure 263contact activities, the
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Exposure 265Table 7.1 Notable studi
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Exposure 267Table 7.2 Notable studi
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Exposure 269water than zoonotic pat
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Exposure 2711999). As suggested by
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Exposure 273leptospirosis is primar
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are severely underreported. As with
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Exposure 277duodenalis in surface w
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Exposure 279Keeley, A. and Faulkner
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Exposure 281Schultz-Fademrecht, C.,
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IndexAgricultural runoff, 122, 168,
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Index 463Biogas, 137-139, 291Bio-se
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Index 465Critical control points, 1
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Index 467290-291, 293, 295, 300, 30
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Index 469Hazard detection, 285Hazar
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Index 471pathogens, 2, 4-14, 17-21,
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Index 473Probiotics, 132-133Protozo
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Index 475Molecular, 16, 19, 22, 27,
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