Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

Index 465Critical control points, 117Cryptosporidiosis, 22, 27–28, 54, 56, 58,67–68, 109, 111, 114, 147, 149, 153,280, 301–304, 312–313, 315, 339,392, 411, 427–428Cryptosporidium, 11, 18, 21–23, 54, 56, 58,60, 63, 65–66, 69–70, 73, 76–77,79–83, 96, 98, 100–114, 117, 127,136, 141, 143, 148–149, 151–155,160–164, 167, 192–194, 199, 220,226, 235, 239, 247, 250, 252, 254,257, 261–262, 265–266, 269, 271,276, 278–280, 299, 301, 303–304,310, 313, 316–317, 334, 338–340,346–347, 353, 356, 364, 366, 369,379–380, 392–393, 400, 402,404–409, 411–412, 423, 427Cryptosporidium oocysts, 22, 136,160–164, 261, 269, 278, 280, 304,334, 339, 402, 404Cryptosporidium parvum, 11, 18, 56, 60,63, 65, 70, 73, 76, 79–83, 96, 98,100, 102, 104, 108–109, 112–113,117, 127, 143, 149, 151–153, 220,235, 247, 250, 254, 269, 278–280,392, 402, 404, 407, 409,411, 423Cysts, 29–30, 33–34, 66, 69, 84–85, 108,122, 160, 163, 165–167, 226, 233,235, 252, 261, 265–266, 269, 278,280, 399, 402, 409–410Diarrhoea, 9, 22–26, 28–29, 32, 41, 44–45,48, 54, 57–58, 85, 89, 100, 109, 114,128, 154, 418–419, 422, 424,452–453Diffuse source transport, 179Direct body contact, 270, 272Disability–Adjusted Life Years (DALYs),59, 371Discount rate, 432, 435, 455Disease, 2, 4–7, 9, 17–26, 28, 30–35, 38–40,42–50, 52–54, 56–57, 59–61, 63,66–69, 71, 73, 75, 85–86, 90–93, 98,100–103, 106, 108, 111, 114–115,117–118, 120–121, 123–124,126–130, 132, 138–143, 146, 152,154–155, 176, 190, 250, 257, 259,269, 272–275, 277–278, 280,283–287, 290–294, 296, 298,300–303, 309–314, 316, 318–319,323, 339–340, 348–349, 363–366,370–371, 373–374, 379, 381, 387,403–404, 407–409, 412,425–427, 436Disease cycle, 286disease resistant livestock, 126Disinfection, 104, 121, 136, 168,173–174, 187, 236, 238,278, 289, 302, 304–305, 333,425, 450Distribution, 1, 10, 19, 21–24, 26, 32, 35,48, 50, 54, 60, 70–71, 85, 88, 96,99–101, 106, 108, 110, 112, 131,163, 179, 242, 260, 277, 279–280,284, 287, 290, 296, 304, 328, 331,335–336, 341, 347, 368,402–403, 433Seasonal, 5, 22, 28, 47, 87, 89, 91, 96,160, 176, 178Spatial, 19, 35, 101, 287, 290, 341, 403Temporal, 100, 328, 402DNA, 50, 60, 70, 80–83, 134, 156,288–289, 309, 315, 322, 329,331–333, 345, 347, 350, 356, 416Markers, 177, 279, 288, 325, 328–329,331, 333–337, 341, 345, 347–350,352, 354, 356fingerprinting, 40, 62, 78, 107, 122, 150,288, 309, 331, 356Domestic animals, 10, 37, 48, 50, 58, 62, 67,71, 74, 80, 90, 92–93, 115, 124, 129,135, 155, 258, 288, 372Drainage, 15, 168, 170, 176, 194,198, 239, 243–244, 286,343, 355