Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

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Comparative risk analysis 397Table A10.2 Pathogenic E. coli.Reference Prevalence (%) Concentration NotesCattle/cows/calvesBesser et al. (2001) – ≤30 to ≥10 7 /g Calves, Washington StateChase-Topping et al. (2006/7) – – Demonstrated presence of “super-shedders”within herdsDonkersgoed et al. (1999) 19.7, 0.7 – Summer, winterDuffy (2003) 0.1–62 – Irish stock (review of 26 studies)Fegen et al. (2003) –
398Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human HealthTable A10.3 Salmonella.Reference Prevalence (%) Concentration NotesCattle/cows/calvesHutchison et al. (2004/5) 7.7 2100 cfu/g (g.m.) Fresh composite farm manure, UK.max. = 5.8 × 10 5 cfu/gRodriguez et al. (2006) 0.4 – From five USA states; rectal swabsSwineDavies (1998) 4, 60 – In two North Caroline herdsHutchison et al. (2004/5) 7.9 600 cfu/g (g.m.) Fresh composite farm manure, UK.max. = 7.8 × 10 4 cfu/gSanchez et al. (2007) 17 – Literature survey on subclinicalinfections in swineRodriguez et al. (2006) 6.0 – From five USA states; rectal swabsSheepHutchison et al. (2004/5) 8.3 710 cfu/g (g.m.) Fresh composite farm manure, UK.max. = 2.0 × 10 3 cfu/gPoultryLi et al. (2007) 30.8 16.2 /g North Carolina; average over all birdagesHutchison et al. (2004/5) 17.9 220 cfu/g (g.m.) Fresh composite farm manure, UK.max. = 2.2 × 10 4 cfu/gRodriguez et al. (2006) 0.2 – From five USA states; rectal swabs“g.m.” = geometric mean, “ave.” = arithmetic mean, “max.” = maximum
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Emerging Issues in Water and Infect
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World Health Organization and IWA P
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Published on behalf of the World He
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viAnimal Waste, Water Quality and H
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viiiAnimal Waste, Water Quality and
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xAnimal Waste, Water Quality and Hu
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2Animal Waste, Water Quality and Hu
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3Zoonotic waterborne pathogen loads
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Zoonotic waterborne pathogen loads
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the cause of a variety of food- and
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4Zoonotic waterbornepathogens in li
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Zoonotic waterborne pathogens in li
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controlling E. coli-associated diar
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5Transport of microbial pollution i
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Transport of microbial pollution in
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196Animal Waste, Water Quality and
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7ExposureWill Robertson and Gordon
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Exposure 259main components influen
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Exposure 261rainfall events (Atherh
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Exposure 263contact activities, the
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Exposure 265Table 7.1 Notable studi
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Exposure 267Table 7.2 Notable studi
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Exposure 269water than zoonotic pat
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Exposure 2711999). As suggested by
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Exposure 273leptospirosis is primar
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are severely underreported. As with
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Exposure 277duodenalis in surface w
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Exposure 279Keeley, A. and Faulkner
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Exposure 281Schultz-Fademrecht, C.,
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IndexAgricultural runoff, 122, 168,
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Index 463Biogas, 137-139, 291Bio-se
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Index 465Critical control points, 1
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Index 467290-291, 293, 295, 300, 30
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Index 469Hazard detection, 285Hazar
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Index 471pathogens, 2, 4-14, 17-21,
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Index 473Probiotics, 132-133Protozo
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Index 475Molecular, 16, 19, 22, 27,
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Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

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