Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

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Comparative risk analysis 395Table A10.1 (Continued)Reference Prevalence (%) Concentration NotesWeijtens et al. (1997) – 10 3.6 –10 5 cfu/g Five samples. Shedding dominated by C.coli, less infectious to humanscf. C. jejuniSheepAçik & Cetinkay (2006) 49.5 – Intestinal contents, gall bladders and faecesfrom 610 healthy sheepBrown et al. (2004) 25 – Rural Cheshire, UK, for C. jejuni; 21%positive for C. coliDevane et al. (2005) 59.8 – New Zealand dairy cattle (52/66 positive forC. jejuni)Hutchison et al. (2004/5) 20.8 390 cfu/g (g.m.) Fresh composite farm manure, UK. Max. =2100 cfu/gRotariu et al. (2009) 22 2.7 × 10 4 cfu/g Cattle vs. sheep. No statistically significantdifference in prevalence or averageconcentrations for cattle or sheep betweenhosts or regions in Scotland.25 2.0 × 10 5 cfu/gStanley et al. (1998b) 91.7 10 4 –10 7 MPN/g Thermophilic Campylobacter in lambs. Seealso Skelly & Weinstein (2003)29.3 – Adult sheepPoultryCox et al. (2002) – 10 2.8 –10 3.9 cfu/g Breeders: composite samples from 35 farms– 10 3.5 –10 6.5 cfu/g Broilers: composite samples from 35 farms(Continued)
396Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human HealthTable A10.1 (Continued)Reference Prevalence (%) Concentration NotesEl-Shibiny et al. (2005) – 10 6 –10 9 cfu/gHutchison et al. (2004/5) 19.4 260 cfu/g (g.m.) Fresh composite farm manure, UK. max. =2.9 × 10 4 cfu/gStanley & Jones (2003) Up to 100% – Varies between flocks“g.m.” = geometric mean, “ave.” = arithmetic mean, “max.” = maximum
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Emerging Issues in Water and Infect
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World Health Organization and IWA P
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Published on behalf of the World He
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viAnimal Waste, Water Quality and H
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viiiAnimal Waste, Water Quality and
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2Animal Waste, Water Quality and Hu
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3Zoonotic waterborne pathogen loads
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Zoonotic waterborne pathogen loads
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the cause of a variety of food- and
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4Zoonotic waterbornepathogens in li
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Zoonotic waterborne pathogens in li
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controlling E. coli-associated diar
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5Transport of microbial pollution i
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Transport of microbial pollution in
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196Animal Waste, Water Quality and
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7ExposureWill Robertson and Gordon
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Exposure 259main components influen
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Exposure 261rainfall events (Atherh
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Exposure 263contact activities, the
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Exposure 265Table 7.1 Notable studi
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Exposure 267Table 7.2 Notable studi
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Exposure 269water than zoonotic pat
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Exposure 2711999). As suggested by
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Exposure 273leptospirosis is primar
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are severely underreported. As with
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Exposure 277duodenalis in surface w
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Exposure 279Keeley, A. and Faulkner
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Exposure 281Schultz-Fademrecht, C.,
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IndexAgricultural runoff, 122, 168,
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Index 463Biogas, 137-139, 291Bio-se
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Index 465Critical control points, 1
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Index 467290-291, 293, 295, 300, 30
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Index 469Hazard detection, 285Hazar
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Index 471pathogens, 2, 4-14, 17-21,
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Index 473Probiotics, 132-133Protozo
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Index 475Molecular, 16, 19, 22, 27,
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Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

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