Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

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Assessing the importance of zoonotic waterborne pathogens 23Table 2.2 A listing of the waterborne zoonotic pathogens belonging to groups 1–4 based on the ranking criteria outlined in Table 2.1.Pathogen Severity of disease Evidence forwaterbornetransmissionProtozoan CryptosporidiumparvumC. hominisOutbreaks in healthyhumans. Diarrhoea.Low case fatalityProtozoan Giardia duodenalis Outbreaks in healthyhumans. Diarrhoea.Low case fatalityBacteria Escherichia coliO157:H7Bacteria CampylobacterjejuniOutbreaks in healthyhumans.Haemorrhagic colitisand hemoyliticuremic syndrome,occassionally.Long-term systemicsequela. Moderatecase fatalityOutbreaks occur inhealthy humans.Bloody diarrhoea.Usually self – limiting.Long-term systemicsequelae.Low case fatalityKilled bychlorinationof waterPrincipalanimalreservoirsYes No Cattle, otheranimalsYes No Beavers,porcupines,dogs, otheranimals,cattleYes Yes Cattle and otherruminantsYes Yes Cattle, swine,poultry, dogs,cats, wildbirdsDistribution RankWorldwide 1Worldwide; 1Worldwide 2Worldwide 2(Continued)
24Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human HealthTable 2.2 (Continued)Pathogen Severity of disease Evidence forwaterbornetransmissionBacteria Salmonella entericasubspeciesenterica (1,500serovars)Bacteria Leptospirainterrogans (200serovars) in 23serogroupsBacteria Francisellatularensis subspholarcticasOutbreaks in healthyhumans. Diarrhoea.May result insepticemia.Moderate casefatalityEndemic regions butoutbreaks occur inhealthy humans.May result insepticaemia.Moderate case fatalityEndemic regions butoutbreaks occur inhealthy humans.Lymphadenitis,septicaemia.Low case fatality.Killed bychlorinationof waterPrincipalanimalreservoirsYes Yes Poultry, swine,cattle, horses,dogs, cats,wildmammals andbirds, reptiles,amphibiansYes Yes Domestic andwild animals,common inrodents, dogsDistribution RankWorldwide 2Worldwide 2Yes Yes Rodents Europe andAsia3
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3Zoonotic waterborne pathogen loads
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Zoonotic waterborne pathogen loads
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the cause of a variety of food- and
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4Zoonotic waterbornepathogens in li
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controlling E. coli-associated diar
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5Transport of microbial pollution i
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Transport of microbial pollution in
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196Animal Waste, Water Quality and
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7ExposureWill Robertson and Gordon
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Exposure 259main components influen
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Exposure 261rainfall events (Atherh
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Exposure 263contact activities, the
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Exposure 265Table 7.1 Notable studi
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Exposure 267Table 7.2 Notable studi
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Exposure 269water than zoonotic pat
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Exposure 2711999). As suggested by
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Exposure 273leptospirosis is primar
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are severely underreported. As with
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Exposure 277duodenalis in surface w
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Exposure 279Keeley, A. and Faulkner
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Exposure 281Schultz-Fademrecht, C.,
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IndexAgricultural runoff, 122, 168,
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Index 463Biogas, 137-139, 291Bio-se
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Index 465Critical control points, 1
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Index 467290-291, 293, 295, 300, 30
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Index 469Hazard detection, 285Hazar
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Index 471pathogens, 2, 4-14, 17-21,
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Index 473Probiotics, 132-133Protozo
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Index 475Molecular, 16, 19, 22, 27,
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Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

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