Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

Published on behalf of the World Health Organization byIWA Publishing, Alliance House, 12 Caxton Street, London SW1H 0QS, UK;Telephone: +44 (0)20 7654 5500, Fax: +44 (0)20 654 5555Email: publications@iwap.co.uk, Web: www.iwapublishing.comFirst published 2012© World Health Organization 2012Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permittedunder the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1998), no part of this publication may be reproduced,stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher,or, in the case of photographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by theCopyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by theappropriate reproduction rights organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outsidethe terms stated here should be sent to IWA Publishing at the address printed above.The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of theinformation contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for errors oromissions that may have been made.DisclaimerThe information provided and the opinions given in this publication are not necessarily those of the WorldHealth Organization, USEPA or IWA and should not be acted upon without independent considerationand professional advice. IWA, WHO, USEPA and the Editors will not accept responsibility for any loss ordamage suffered by any person acting or refraining from acting upon any material contained in thispublication.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply theexpression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization, USEPA or IWAconcerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning thedelimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines forwhich there may not yet be full agreement.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they areendorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization, USEPA or IWA in preference to others of asimilar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary productsare distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the WorldHealth Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the publishedmaterial is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibilityfor the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World HealthOrganization be liable for damages arising from its use.The named authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication.British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British LibraryWHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication DataAnimal waste, water quality and human health / edited by Al Dufour … [et al].1. Feces. 2. Water quality. 3. Water pollution. 4. Fresh water. 5. Animals, Domestic.6. Environmental exposure. 7. Zoonoses. I. Dufour, Alfred. II. Bartram, Jamie. III. Bos, Robert.IV. Gannon, Victor P. J. V. World Health Organization. VI. International Water Association.VII. United States. Environmental Protection Agency.ISBN 978 92 4 156451 9 (NLM classification: WA 689)IWA PublishingISBN: 9781780401232