Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

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5Transport of microbial pollution incatchment systemsChristobel Ferguson and David Kay5.1 POTENTIAL OF MICROBIAL MODELS TO DESCRIBECATCHMENT COMPLEXITYHumans, wildlife and domestic livestock are all potential sources of fecal indicatororganisms (FIOs) and/or pathogens in surface waters. To assess the microbial risksto surface water quality in drinking-water catchments it is necessary to quantify boththe contributions from each of these sources and the processes that govern their fateand transport to water bodies and waterways. Catchment characteristics vary widelyover space and time. Such a quantification and attribution therefore requires anunderstanding of the natural, riparian, farm and urban processes that can occur indrinking-water catchments. An initial approach is to develop a conceptual modelthat assists in the identification of the relevant natural and anthropogenicprocesses, as presented in Figure 5.1. These include environmental inactivation,soil retention, host prevalence, buffer strip entrapment, manure treatment, wetland© 2012 World Health Organization (WHO). Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health. Editedby Al Dufour, Jamie Bartram, Robert Bos and Victor Gannon. ISBN: 9781780401232. Published byIWA Publishing, London, UK.
158Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human HealthI URBAN DEVELOPMENT IFigure 5.1 Conceptual model of pathogen sources, fate and transport in a drinking-watercatchment (with permission from JAWWA).
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Emerging Issues in Water and Infect
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3Zoonotic waterborne pathogen loads
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Zoonotic waterborne pathogen loads
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the cause of a variety of food- and
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7ExposureWill Robertson and Gordon
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Exposure 259main components influen
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Exposure 261rainfall events (Atherh
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Exposure 263contact activities, the
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Exposure 265Table 7.1 Notable studi
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Exposure 267Table 7.2 Notable studi
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Exposure 269water than zoonotic pat
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Exposure 2711999). As suggested by
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Exposure 273leptospirosis is primar
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are severely underreported. As with
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Exposure 277duodenalis in surface w
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Exposure 279Keeley, A. and Faulkner
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Exposure 281Schultz-Fademrecht, C.,
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IndexAgricultural runoff, 122, 168,
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Index 463Biogas, 137-139, 291Bio-se
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Index 465Critical control points, 1
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Index 467290-291, 293, 295, 300, 30
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Index 469Hazard detection, 285Hazar
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Index 471pathogens, 2, 4-14, 17-21,
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Index 473Probiotics, 132-133Protozo
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Index 475Molecular, 16, 19, 22, 27,
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Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

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