Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

464Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human HealthClimateChange (global), 10, 14, 38, 75, 99,141–143, 192, 261, 284–285,293–295, 297, 312, 318, 321, 337,373–374, 376, 380, 405, 409,430–432, 435, 438–439, 441–442Drought, 373Monsoon, 28Rainfall, 5–7, 10, 30, 48, 54, 90, 100,122, 143, 170, 176, 179, 198–200,205–207, 220, 222–223, 227,230–233, 236, 240–244, 260–261,276, 279, 284, 289–290, 305, 307,310, 314, 333, 344, 373–374, 415,420, 452, 455Seasons, 272, 393Temperature, 34, 44, 94, 260–262,279–281, 286, 300, 323, 354Clostridium perfringens, 52, 68, 235, 279,288, 321, 345, 347–348Coastal marine waters, 258Cohort, 56, 422, 425Coliphages, 235, 237, 239, 317, 321–322,333–335, 347, 352–353Colostrum, 127–128, 153Comparative risk analysis, 12–13, 361Risk assessment, 3, 6, 57, 112, 254, 271,278–279, 284, 308–309, 315–316,356, 361–364, 366–368, 370,374–375, 377, 387, 390, 404–406,409–410, 412–413, 417, 426Risk communication, 362–363Risk management, 51, 56, 148, 300,362–363, 367, 410–412Risk model, 374, 376, 383, 385, 390Constructed (farm) wetlands, 8, 168, 208,237–239, 286, 291ContactPrimary, 27, 87, 99, 120, 130, 154, 168,170–174, 214, 217, 251, 260,262–264, 270–273, 293, 302, 328,330, 338, 341, 361, 366, 382,388, 413Secondary, 21, 39, 46, 87, 92, 98, 168,170–174, 205, 213, 215–216, 218,239, 246, 262–263, 270–271, 288,302, 321–322, 328, 331, 337,382, 388Containment, 10, 176, 185, 197, 236, 246Contamination, 1–3, 6–9, 11, 20, 22, 30–32,34, 37, 40, 47–48, 54, 59, 62, 70, 79,86, 88, 90, 105, 110, 112–113, 121,124–125, 130–131, 136, 144,146–147, 168, 175–176, 187, 193,198, 239, 241, 245–246, 248, 253,257–258, 260, 263–264, 274–275,278–280, 283–284, 287–292, 300,302, 305, 310–311, 315, 317–318,320–330, 334–338, 341, 343,345–351, 353–354, 356–359,363–365, 367, 370, 375–376,378–379, 381–385, 388–389, 393,408–411, 413, 416–427, 429–430,435, 437, 444–450, 455–456Conveyance, 198, 285Coprostanol, 329–330, 351Cost, 4, 7–8, 117, 121, 124, 127, 132, 136,138, 143, 160, 285, 287, 330, 336,340, 358, 363, 430, 432–434,436–440, 443–446, 450, 455–456,458–459Cost survey approach (to measuringcosts), 444–445Econometric approach(to measuring costs), 444–445Engineering Analysis approach(to measuring costs), 444–445Opportunity cost, 429, 432, 435, 444, 456Cost–benefit analysis, 430, 437, 455,458–459Cost effective analysis, 433–435Cost of interventions, 444Criteria, 3, 6, 14, 19–21, 23, 51, 73, 175,194, 281, 310, 317–318, 331,346–347, 358, 365, 413, 422,426–427, 433, 451