Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

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Assessing the importance of zoonotic waterborne pathogens 25Helminth –trematodeHelminth –TrematodeHelminth –TrematodeSchistosomajaponicumClonorchis sinensis(Chinese liverfluke)Endemic. Fever.Chronic hepatosplenicdisease, impairedphysical andcognitivedevelopmentEndemic.Cholangitis andbiliary obstruction,poor digestionof fats,cholangio-carcinomaFasciola hepatica Endemic.Hepatic enlargement,jaundice, anemiacholangitis,cholecystitis andcholelithiasisProtozoan Toxoplasma gondii Outbreaks in pregnantwomen.Birth defects.Protozoan BlastocystishominusModerate case fatalityEndemic and rareoutbreaks.Diarrhoea.Low case fatalityYes Yes Cattle, buffalo,swine, dogs,cats, rodentsYes Yes Dogs, cats,swine, rats,wild animalsWater-planthumansYes Cattle, sheep,other largeruminants (e.g. waterbuffalo)Yes, butuncommonNo Mammals,especiallycats, foodanimals, birdsYes Yes Various wild anddomesticanimalsincludingbirds, humansSoutheast Asia,China,Philippines3Asia 3Worldwide 3Worldwide;common2Worldwide 3(Continued)
26Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human HealthTable 2.2 (Continued)Pathogen Severity of disease Evidence forwaterbornetransmissionProtozoan MicrosporidiaEnterocytozoonbieneusisEncephalitozooncuniculi; Eintestinalis; EhellemVirus Hepatitis E virus(Genotypes 3and 4)Endemic.Diarrhoea.Low case fatalityOutbreaks in healthyhumans.Systemic disease.Low case fatalityVirus Rotavirus A Outbreaks in healthyhumans.Diarrhoea. Low casefatality.Killed bychlorinationof waterPrincipalanimalreservoirsUnknown No Various wild anddomesticanimals,primates,rodents,psittacinebirdsDistribution RankWorldwide 4Unknown Yes Swine ProbablyworldwideUnknown Yes pigs Probablyworldwide44
Page 1 and 2: Emerging Issues in Water and Infect
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Page 84 and 85: 3Zoonotic waterborne pathogen loads
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Zoonotic waterborne pathogen loads
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the cause of a variety of food- and
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4Zoonotic waterbornepathogens in li
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Zoonotic waterborne pathogens in li
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controlling E. coli-associated diar
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5Transport of microbial pollution i
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Transport of microbial pollution in
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196Animal Waste, Water Quality and
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7ExposureWill Robertson and Gordon
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Exposure 259main components influen
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Exposure 261rainfall events (Atherh
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Exposure 263contact activities, the
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Exposure 265Table 7.1 Notable studi
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Exposure 267Table 7.2 Notable studi
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Exposure 269water than zoonotic pat
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Exposure 2711999). As suggested by
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Exposure 273leptospirosis is primar
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are severely underreported. As with
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Exposure 277duodenalis in surface w
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Exposure 279Keeley, A. and Faulkner
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Exposure 281Schultz-Fademrecht, C.,
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IndexAgricultural runoff, 122, 168,
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Index 463Biogas, 137-139, 291Bio-se
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Index 465Critical control points, 1
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Index 467290-291, 293, 295, 300, 30
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Index 469Hazard detection, 285Hazar
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Index 471pathogens, 2, 4-14, 17-21,
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Index 473Probiotics, 132-133Protozo
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Index 475Molecular, 16, 19, 22, 27,
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Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

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