Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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It recognizes the need for a different strategy for the Terai region and a differentstrategy for the hills and mountains. The Terai strategy is technology driven with theobjective of providing year round irrigation for most of the cultivated area and thus enablesrapid growth in the basic food staples. The strategy for hills and mountains is demand drivenwith the objective of increasing production of high value crops.The Ninth Agriculture Plan is giving due attention to crop diversification andcommercialization. Fifteen to twenty years ago farmers were not aware of the advantages ofcrop diversification and the government paid little or no attention to it. Consequently,farming was mostly traditional. In the lowlands the farmers used to grow rice followed bywheat and in the uplands maize followed by millet. At the most they used to grow 2 crops ina year whether lowland or upland. Cropping intensity was very low. Gradually,diversification started and farmers could judge which crops to grow in their field foroptimum benefit. Many farmers changed their cropping system from traditional to modern.An income generating type of agriculture was initiated among small and marginal farmers.Big farmers started commercialization. Due to the enhancement of technologicaldevelopment, farmers had several options for the commodities. In the meantime, the farmers'group concept was initiated and pocket strategy came into implementation. The group andpocket approach in agriculture accommodated all farmers (small, marginal and big), andbecause of group spirit they were oriented towards commercialization. Crop diversificationcontributes:- To increased cropping intensity.- To generation of employment opportunities.- To commercialization of farming.- To growing high-value crops in order to derive higher profits.- To reduction of migration of male household members for work because of on-farmincome earning opportunities.- To engagement of women farmers in income generating activities.7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCrop diversification is an important strategy for overall agriculture development inthe country. It provides the farmers with viable choices of commodities to grow on theirland. Nepal has different agro-ecological zones with a variety of climates ranging fromtropical in the Terai to alpine in the high mountains. Besides the climatic factors, the farmersneed options on high value exportable commodities. Crop diversification can meet this typeof need of the farmers.Previously, the farmers used to concentrate on a few major crops such as rice, maizeand wheat. A considerable area in the hills and high hills was left fallow because of the factthat there was no diversification in practice. With the increase of population traditionalagriculture could not meet the food requirements and therefore diversification wasintroduced. Crop intensity was thereby increased and annual per unit production was raised.93
Crop diversification should continue with due emphasis on the following:• Technological packages should be provided to the production pockets based on theirlevel of development i.e., whether the pocket is a basic pocket, or a commercializingpocket or a commercial pocket etc.• Exportable high value commodities should be identified for each of the districts andproduction cost should be reduced so that Nepalese produce can compete with Indianproduce (which has very low price).• The focus should be on priority commodities such as off-season vegetables, vegetableseeds, citrus, apple, mushroom etc., which can have good markets (both domestic andexternal).• The production pocket area and farmers group approach which has been initiated in thecountry should be strengthened and, in order to make it sustainable, the followingactivities should be conducted regularly:- Workshops to support the development of pocket area activities.- Orientation towards cooperative groups.- Promotion of mass communications.- Conduct of regional technical working groups (RTWG) meetings regularly.- NGOs to be active in facilitating the group formation process.• Women must be identified as full members of community groups. This will enhance theirself-confidence and social status and can be effective in introducing a large numberof women to decision making processes.• Efforts of line agencies and resource centres should concentrate on the productionpockets, so that the pockets become stronger and more effective.• A forum among traders, producers and extension agents should be established. Thisapproach will help farmers to have direct exposure in marketing aspects.• Regular training to production pocket area farmers on production technologiesparticularly on selected commodities and on marketing aspects including processing,packaging, grading, etc., should be provided.• Nepal is expected to become a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) by theyear 2001 and this would require more focus on crop diversification.94
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RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
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13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
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INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
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New opportunities that would benefi
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
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(CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
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SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
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Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
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through development projects implem
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y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
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cropping. This has only been possib
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process and export those labour int
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g) restoration/improvement of soil
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8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
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enthusiasm of the farmers in their
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3.3 The Formation and Development o
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carried out for years, guarantees t
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environment protection. Special att
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2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
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What is most notable is the change
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8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
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fact that the area shares of the do
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country. Therefore, a judicious use
Page 50 and 51: 5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
Page 52 and 53: 7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
Page 54 and 55: Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
Page 56 and 57: Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
Page 58 and 59: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
Page 60 and 61: production, these ratios were deter
Page 62 and 63: soybean using paddy fields should c
Page 64 and 65: food industry have sharply increase
Page 66 and 67: 7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
Page 68 and 69: Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
Page 70 and 71: Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
Page 72 and 73: The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
Page 74 and 75: About 78 percent of the rubber grow
Page 76 and 77: should be attractive to justify the
Page 78 and 79: REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
Page 80 and 81: Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
Page 82 and 83: Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
Page 84 and 85: Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
Page 86 and 87: Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
Page 88 and 89: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
Page 90 and 91: We know hill farmers face many prob
Page 92 and 93: Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
Page 94 and 95: 3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
Page 96 and 97: With regard to success stories of c
Page 98 and 99: 5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
Page 102 and 103: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
Page 104 and 105: 2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
Page 106 and 107: In coconut, diversification means t
Page 108 and 109: were used in the preparation of the
Page 110 and 111: There are a variety of factors that
Page 112 and 113: Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
Page 114 and 115: Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
Page 116 and 117: Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
Page 118 and 119: Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
Page 120 and 121: 1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
Page 122 and 123: Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
Page 124 and 125: drained and rice on poorly drained
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3. Schematic Representation
Page 128 and 129: The potato production in the up cou
Page 130 and 131: Table 6 clearly shows that there is
Page 132 and 133: In addition to the above scenario,
Page 134 and 135: 6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
Page 136 and 137: Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
Page 138 and 139: y promoting diversified crops inste
Page 140 and 141: Over the past few years, agricultur
Page 142 and 143: Land TenureMore than half of the Th
Page 144 and 145: The New theory is a novel approach
Page 146 and 147: Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
Page 148 and 149: - Farmers can sell their rice at a
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In order to maintain the growth rat
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REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
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3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
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the contour with mulching using ric
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development of new crop varieties a
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• Cultivated and growing area und
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other hand, the size of an average
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4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
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increased from 130 million ha to 15
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in tobacco nurseries. These also he
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past experience. A sustainable prog
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diversification, taking into accoun
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The major outputs are:- Integration
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• Database and information materi
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• Business plans have been formul
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minimize such losses. The developme
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
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SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
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FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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