Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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The potato production in the up country intermediate zone dropped drastically due tothe reduction in prices as a result of the import of potato. Similarly, the extent undercultivation of onion and chillies also dropped due to importation of the two commodities. Asa result, the lands under these crops reverted to paddy cultivation or to the traditionalsystems.Gherkin, on the other hand, was produced in the dry and intermediate zones only forexport purposes. However, due to the loss in export markets, gherkin farmers have switchedback to their traditional crops.Banana (Mysore variety) was traditionally grown under rainfed conditions in the wetzone. However, in the past few years it has been cultivated under irrigated conditions anddue to the attractive income, the land extent under banana in irrigation schemes increasedsharply. At present, prices have dropped mainly due to many socio-economic reasons. Papawhas become the succeeding crop in most of the banana plantations which becameuneconomical in production.3.7 Success Stories of Crop DiversificationThere are several success stories in crop diversification in Sri Lanka. The mostillustrative examples of crop diversification are:• Chilli cultivation in the Mahaweli river project H area.• Onion production in Dambulla (dry zone).• Potato production in upcountry intermediate zone.• Vegetable production in mid country intermediate zone.• Sweet potato production in low country intermediate zone.• Banana production in Udawalawe river irrigation scheme.3.7.1 Chilli Cultivation in Mahaweli River Valley H AreaTwo decades ago when the import restrictions were imposed, chillies wereextensively cultivated in Mahaweli system H (a major irrigation scheme) mainly for drychillies, under a crop diversification programme. This programme successfully met the chillirequirements of the country until import restrictions were relaxed. The attractive pricesobtained for dry chillies resulted due to government policy on import restrictions, availabilityof proper varieties, quality seeds and the other support services which contributed to the highdegree of success in chilli production. At present this situation has partly changed mainly dueto the relaxation of import restrictions.3.7.2 Onion Production in Dambulla (dry zone) AreaOnion cultivation in rice fields during the dry season was initiated in the mid countryintermediate zone nearly two decades ago. Owing to the initial success, onion productionspread towards Dambulla (Low country dry zone) producing a fair percentage of the nationalrequirements.However, this production was restricted only to the cultivating season and could meetonly part of the demand mainly due to the poor storage characteristic of the produce. With121
the relaxation of import restrictions the onion extents in this area declined resulting in a fallin production.3.7.3 Sweet Potato Production in Low Country Wet and Intermediate ZonesSweet potato was mainly cultivated only in well drained soils in the wet zone of SriLanka. In 1980, the crop was introduced to the minor irrigation projects in the Godakawelaarea of the low country wet and intermediate zones. Sweet potato was cultivated only duringdry seasons in rice fields where rice was always the leading crop in the wet season. Owing tothe success of the production effort, the cultivation extent increased rapidly and today thisarea accounts for about 20 percent of the national production of sweet potato.3.7.4 Banana Production in ‘Udawalawe’ Irrigation SchemeBanana is a water-loving crop that can be grown successfully in the dry zone withirrigation facilities. This crop was initially cultivated in the lands where the water supplywas inadequate for rice cultivation. In 1986 there were only 251 ha of banana in the projectarea and today the extent has increased to nearly 4,000 ha with an average productivity of 25t/ha/yr. Several reasons can be attributed for the success of this diversification programme.These are:• Attractive income from the crop (SL Rs. 200,000 – 250,000/ per ha/year).• Strong agriculture extension programme.• Presence of an efficient marketing network.• Suitability of the land.4. CROP DIVERSIFICATION AS A STRATEGY4.1. Food and Nutritional SecurityCurrently, most of the key food crops are grown in the island. However, in order tomeet the national demand a larger quantity has to be imported annually (Table 6).Table 6. The National requirement of some of the essential food commoditiesin 2000Crop Requirement(Mt.)Extent to beCultivated (ha)PresentProduction (Mt)Maha YalaRice 2,035,000 667,835 381,905 1,781,048Dry chilli 34,100 17,040 11,780 15,000Chilli green 285,00 5,440 11,780 15,000Red onion 35,900 17,040 5,280 42,600Big onion 126,000 165 4,640 62,700Potato 101,300 3,000 2,560 11,759Maize 166,000 34,005 4,175 31,400Green gram 40,000 14,190 5,760 13,800122
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RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
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13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
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INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
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New opportunities that would benefi
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
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(CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
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SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
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Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
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through development projects implem
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y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
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cropping. This has only been possib
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process and export those labour int
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g) restoration/improvement of soil
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8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
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enthusiasm of the farmers in their
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3.3 The Formation and Development o
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carried out for years, guarantees t
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environment protection. Special att
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2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
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What is most notable is the change
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8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
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fact that the area shares of the do
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country. Therefore, a judicious use
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5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
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7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
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Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
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Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
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production, these ratios were deter
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soybean using paddy fields should c
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food industry have sharply increase
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7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
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Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
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Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
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The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
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About 78 percent of the rubber grow
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should be attractive to justify the
Page 78 and 79: REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
Page 80 and 81: Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
Page 82 and 83: Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
Page 84 and 85: Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
Page 86 and 87: Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
Page 88 and 89: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
Page 90 and 91: We know hill farmers face many prob
Page 92 and 93: Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
Page 94 and 95: 3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
Page 96 and 97: With regard to success stories of c
Page 98 and 99: 5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
Page 100 and 101: It recognizes the need for a differ
Page 102 and 103: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
Page 104 and 105: 2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
Page 106 and 107: In coconut, diversification means t
Page 108 and 109: were used in the preparation of the
Page 110 and 111: There are a variety of factors that
Page 112 and 113: Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
Page 114 and 115: Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
Page 116 and 117: Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
Page 118 and 119: Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
Page 120 and 121: 1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
Page 122 and 123: Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
Page 124 and 125: drained and rice on poorly drained
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3. Schematic Representation
Page 130 and 131: Table 6 clearly shows that there is
Page 132 and 133: In addition to the above scenario,
Page 134 and 135: 6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
Page 136 and 137: Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
Page 138 and 139: y promoting diversified crops inste
Page 140 and 141: Over the past few years, agricultur
Page 142 and 143: Land TenureMore than half of the Th
Page 144 and 145: The New theory is a novel approach
Page 146 and 147: Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
Page 148 and 149: - Farmers can sell their rice at a
Page 150 and 151: In order to maintain the growth rat
Page 152 and 153: REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
Page 154 and 155: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
Page 156 and 157: 3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
Page 158 and 159: the contour with mulching using ric
Page 160 and 161: development of new crop varieties a
Page 162 and 163: • Cultivated and growing area und
Page 164 and 165: other hand, the size of an average
Page 166 and 167: 4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
Page 168 and 169: increased from 130 million ha to 15
Page 170 and 171: in tobacco nurseries. These also he
Page 172 and 173: past experience. A sustainable prog
Page 174 and 175: diversification, taking into accoun
Page 176 and 177: The major outputs are:- Integration
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• Database and information materi
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• Business plans have been formul
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minimize such losses. The developme
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
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SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
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FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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