Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agro-ecological environments of Sri Lanka. P. 220. Naturalresource service No.2. Natural Resource and Science Authority of Sri Lanka. 47/5,Maitland place, Colombo 07, Sri Lanka.Upali, U. 2000. Crops grown in upcountry intermediate zone. Unpublished.129
CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THAILANDChavalvut Chainuvati * and Withaya Athipanan **1. INTRODUCTIONThailand is located in the Indochina Peninsula with a total area of about 51.36 millionhectares. Her territorial boundaries connect with Malaysia in the south, Cambodia in thenortheast to east, Laos in the northeast, and Myanmar in the northwest to west.Geographically, the country may be divided into four regions. In the central,northern, northeastern and southern regions, altitude modifies the temperature considerably.It is cool enough in the northern region to produce temperate fruits and vegetables (alsovegetable seeds); cool and dry in northeast region, and modestly humid in the central region.These three regions have three seasons: rainy during late April to October, winter fromNovember to February, and summer from March until April. In the southern region, there isno cool season and the climate is wet, but with less solar radiation than is needed formaximum crop yields. Thailand’s climate is tropical and monsoonal, influenced by thesouthwest monsoon except for the south. Average annual rainfall and temperature vary,ranging from 998-4,603 mm of precipitation and a temperature regime of 24.4-29.3 o C (76-85 o F).Administratively, Thailand is divided into 76 provinces, each headed by a governor.There are 787 districts and district branches, 7,404 sub-districts, and nearly 66,604 villagesin the 76 provinces. The population in 1996 was over 60 million people, and of thispopulation 64 percent reside in the rural areas. Approximately 90 percent of the rural people,or 5.2 million farm families, earn their income through subsistence farming, particularly ricecultivation and other field crop production.In Thailand, 64 percent of the population are engaged in agriculture. Most of themgrow single crops such as rice, cassava, corn, sugar cane etc. The proportion of income percapita of those engaged in agriculture to other sectors was 1:13 in 1997. Severaldevelopment programmes have failed because there were no realistic assessments of thelimited resource base of small farming systems.The survival and social-economic pattern of the householders was not taken into fullaccount. The basic assumption is that small-scale farmers in Thailand will be responsive todevelopment efforts if the technology fits their needs, aspirations and environments.The Department of Agricultural Extension (DOAE) has realized such drawbacks andput more efforts to solve these kinds of problems. The strategy is in line with thegovernment’s policy during the 7 th and 8 th National Economic and Social Development Plan(1992-1996 and 1997-2001) which attempted to restructure agricultural production systems* Deputy Director-General, Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives,Bangkok, Thailand.** Senior Subject Matter Specialist, Farm Management Group, Agri-business Promotion Division, Departmentof Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand.130
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RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
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13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
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INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
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New opportunities that would benefi
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
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(CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
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SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
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Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
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through development projects implem
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y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
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cropping. This has only been possib
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process and export those labour int
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g) restoration/improvement of soil
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8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
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enthusiasm of the farmers in their
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3.3 The Formation and Development o
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carried out for years, guarantees t
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environment protection. Special att
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2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
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What is most notable is the change
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8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
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fact that the area shares of the do
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country. Therefore, a judicious use
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5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
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7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
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Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
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Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
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production, these ratios were deter
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soybean using paddy fields should c
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food industry have sharply increase
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7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
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Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
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Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
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The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
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About 78 percent of the rubber grow
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should be attractive to justify the
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REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
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Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
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Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
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Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
Page 86 and 87: Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
Page 88 and 89: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
Page 90 and 91: We know hill farmers face many prob
Page 92 and 93: Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
Page 94 and 95: 3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
Page 96 and 97: With regard to success stories of c
Page 98 and 99: 5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
Page 100 and 101: It recognizes the need for a differ
Page 102 and 103: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
Page 104 and 105: 2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
Page 106 and 107: In coconut, diversification means t
Page 108 and 109: were used in the preparation of the
Page 110 and 111: There are a variety of factors that
Page 112 and 113: Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
Page 114 and 115: Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
Page 116 and 117: Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
Page 118 and 119: Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
Page 120 and 121: 1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
Page 122 and 123: Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
Page 124 and 125: drained and rice on poorly drained
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3. Schematic Representation
Page 128 and 129: The potato production in the up cou
Page 130 and 131: Table 6 clearly shows that there is
Page 132 and 133: In addition to the above scenario,
Page 134 and 135: 6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
Page 138 and 139: y promoting diversified crops inste
Page 140 and 141: Over the past few years, agricultur
Page 142 and 143: Land TenureMore than half of the Th
Page 144 and 145: The New theory is a novel approach
Page 146 and 147: Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
Page 148 and 149: - Farmers can sell their rice at a
Page 150 and 151: In order to maintain the growth rat
Page 152 and 153: REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
Page 154 and 155: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
Page 156 and 157: 3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
Page 158 and 159: the contour with mulching using ric
Page 160 and 161: development of new crop varieties a
Page 162 and 163: • Cultivated and growing area und
Page 164 and 165: other hand, the size of an average
Page 166 and 167: 4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
Page 168 and 169: increased from 130 million ha to 15
Page 170 and 171: in tobacco nurseries. These also he
Page 172 and 173: past experience. A sustainable prog
Page 174 and 175: diversification, taking into accoun
Page 176 and 177: The major outputs are:- Integration
Page 178 and 179: • Database and information materi
Page 180 and 181: • Business plans have been formul
Page 182 and 183: minimize such losses. The developme
Page 184 and 185: LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
Page 186 and 187:
SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
Page 188 and 189:
FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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