Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop DiversificationIt is being increasingly realized that agriculture is no longer a subsistence activitycarried out by peasant cultivators, but rather an enterprise and manufacturer of biomass usingland, water, genetic material and the latest in technology. The agriculture of the twenty firstcentury will increasingly be a farmers’ entrepreneurship harnessing technologies to optimizereturns from his land and investments he makes on it. Biotechnology and geneticengineering in crops with focus on primary productivity and also on many quality traits willgo a long way to improving the yield and quality of many important crop plants. With theadvent of such emerging technologies and consequent scope for increased economic returns,the diversification in favour of such crops will be the future focus. Many other relatedtechnologies and their adoption will also inject an added dimension in crop diversification.Decision support systems, governmental policies, geographic information system,application of information technology leading to market information etc., will also lead tocrop diversification primarily on economic considerations.5.4 Research and Developmental Support for Crop DiversificationFuture agriculture will be much more knowledge and skill based rather than thetraditional subsistence agriculture. In the wake of globalization and opening up of the globalmarket, there will be much more opportunity for entrepreneurship development inagriculture. This also calls for paradigm shifts in research and technology development andalso the transfer of technology for successful crop diversification. The research system notonly needs to address the issues connected with continuance and indulgence and knowledgein the areas of emerging technologies but also create a cadre of scientists through thecontinuous upgrade of skills and human resource development. The researchers also need topopularize the technologies, impart knowledge and skills to the extension functionaries forthe transfer of technologies to the farmers. This knowledge-based farming will call for muchmore interaction between the researchers, extension workers and farmers. The fruits of theinnovative technologies should reach the farmers at the earliest and also spread in thequickest possible time.5.5 Institutional and Infrastructure Developments Towards Crop DiversificationTo sustain and operationalize crop diversification, institutional support is required tothe two thirds of the country's crop area which is rainfed. Crop diversification in terms ofreducing the risk of rainfed farmers is also very vital to a country like India two thirds of thefarmers are also resource poor. However, crop diversification in well endowed area is moreof an economic consideration. The National Agricultural Research System with its Crop andCommodity based Institutions, Natural Research Management Based Institutions and StateAgricultural Universities are jointly addressing the issues connected with the cropdiversification. The government of India has also developed a counter support mechanismthrough the establishments of Crop Directorates for each of the major crops and groups ofcrops like Oilseeds and Pulses for developmental and technology transfer focus on each ofthese crops and commodities. These Directorates act as a coordinating agency between theresearch and development activities on the one hand and between the Federal Government atthe central and Regional Governments at the State level for technology transfer and otherpromotional activities.43
6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGIES FOR CROPDIVERSIFICATIONConsidering the importance of crop diversification in the overall developmentalstrategy in Indian agriculture, the government of India has taken several initiatives foragricultural development in general and crop diversification in particular. These initiativesare as follows:i) Launching a Technology Mission for the Integrated Development ofHorticulture in the Northeastern Region: The programme will establish effectivelinkages between research, production, extension, post-harvest management,processing, marketing and exports and bring about a rapid development of agriculturein the region.ii)iii)iv)Implementing National Agriculture Insurance Scheme: The scheme will coverfood crops and oilseeds and annual commercial and horticulture crops. Small andmarginal farmers are eligible for 50 percent subsidy under the Scheme.Operationalizing Technology Mission on Cotton: The Technology Mission willhave separate Mini-Missions on technology generation, product support andextension, market infrastructure and modernization of ginning and pressing units.Provision of Capital Subsidy of 25 percent for construction/modernization/expansion of cold storages and storages for horticultural produce.v) Creation of Watershed Development Fund: At the National level for thedevelopment of Rainfed lands.vi)Infrastructure Support for Horticultural Development with emphasis on PostharvestManagement.vii) Strengthening Agricultural Marketing: Greater attention to be paid fordevelopment of a comprehensive, efficient and responsive marketing system fordomestic marketing as well as exports by ensuring proper quality control andstandardization.viii)ix)Seed Crop Insurance: A pilot scheme on Seed Crop Insurance has been launchedwhich will cover the risk factor involved in production of seeds.Seed Bank Scheme: About 7-8 percent of certified seeds produced in the countrywill be kept in buffer stock to meet any eventualities arising out of drought, floods orany other form of natural calamities.x) Cooperative Sector Reforms: Amendment to the National CooperativeDevelopment Corporation (NCDC) Act, 1952, and Replacement of the Multi-StateCooperative Societies (MSCS) Act, 1984.All these measures will lead to crop diversification and increase the production andproductivity of crops.44
Page 2 and 3: RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
Page 4 and 5: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
Page 6 and 7: 13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
Page 8 and 9: INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
Page 10 and 11: New opportunities that would benefi
Page 12 and 13: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
Page 14 and 15: (CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
Page 16 and 17: SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
Page 18 and 19: Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
Page 20 and 21: through development projects implem
Page 22 and 23: y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
Page 24 and 25: cropping. This has only been possib
Page 26 and 27: process and export those labour int
Page 28 and 29: g) restoration/improvement of soil
Page 30 and 31: 8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
Page 32 and 33: enthusiasm of the farmers in their
Page 34 and 35: 3.3 The Formation and Development o
Page 36 and 37: carried out for years, guarantees t
Page 38 and 39: environment protection. Special att
Page 40 and 41: 2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
Page 42 and 43: What is most notable is the change
Page 44 and 45: 8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
Page 46 and 47: fact that the area shares of the do
Page 48 and 49: country. Therefore, a judicious use
Page 52 and 53: 7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
Page 54 and 55: Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
Page 56 and 57: Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
Page 58 and 59: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
Page 60 and 61: production, these ratios were deter
Page 62 and 63: soybean using paddy fields should c
Page 64 and 65: food industry have sharply increase
Page 66 and 67: 7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
Page 68 and 69: Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
Page 70 and 71: Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
Page 72 and 73: The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
Page 74 and 75: About 78 percent of the rubber grow
Page 76 and 77: should be attractive to justify the
Page 78 and 79: REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
Page 80 and 81: Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
Page 82 and 83: Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
Page 84 and 85: Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
Page 86 and 87: Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
Page 88 and 89: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
Page 90 and 91: We know hill farmers face many prob
Page 92 and 93: Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
Page 94 and 95: 3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
Page 96 and 97: With regard to success stories of c
Page 98 and 99: 5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
Page 100 and 101:
It recognizes the need for a differ
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
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2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
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In coconut, diversification means t
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were used in the preparation of the
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There are a variety of factors that
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Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
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Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
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Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
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Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
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1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
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Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
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drained and rice on poorly drained
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Figure 3. Schematic Representation
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The potato production in the up cou
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Table 6 clearly shows that there is
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In addition to the above scenario,
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6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
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Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
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y promoting diversified crops inste
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Over the past few years, agricultur
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Land TenureMore than half of the Th
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The New theory is a novel approach
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Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
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- Farmers can sell their rice at a
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In order to maintain the growth rat
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REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
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3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
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the contour with mulching using ric
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development of new crop varieties a
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• Cultivated and growing area und
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other hand, the size of an average
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4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
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increased from 130 million ha to 15
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in tobacco nurseries. These also he
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past experience. A sustainable prog
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diversification, taking into accoun
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The major outputs are:- Integration
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• Database and information materi
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• Business plans have been formul
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minimize such losses. The developme
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
Page 186 and 187:
SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
Page 188 and 189:
FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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