Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS OF CROPDIVERSIFICATIONCrop diversification is a popular strategy to maximize the use of land, water and otherresources. It can meet different requirements of people's food supply and can generateearnings for farmers. However, there are several constraints to crop diversification, whichcan be summarized as follows:Policy Constraints- Due to ineffective linkage mechanisms between extension and research no jointplanning is practiced. As a result no prior commitment is made for the supply ofseeds and other planting materials.- There is no policy to test, verify and multiply seeds introduced by farmers in theborder area of India.- Seeds distributed by Aggrovate centres are reported to be not always of good qualityor not recommended by the districts.- The regional seed, soil and plant protection laboratories have limited authority andsupport to test and verify the quality of seeds, fertilizers and pesticides.Institutional Constraints- Research centres recommend cereal varieties without sufficient foundation seed. As aresult recommended varieties cannot be made available in all districts.- Seed potatoes are not available for production due to lack of storage facilities.- Quality is not monitored during distribution.- In the case of fruit tree plant distribution, the fruit development division of theDepartment of Agriculture (DOA) allocates the number of nursery plants to bepurchased by the District Agricultural Development Office (DADO) from therecommended resource centres, farms and registered nurseries. DADO reports thatnursery plants are either not available or not of proper quality standardspredetermined by the fruit development division.Regulatory Constraints- The price of Agricultural Inputs Corporation (AIC) seeds increases due to handlingand management charges, even though subsidized.- There are no special arrangements for seed multiplication, local collection anddistribution.- In the case of plants to be produced by private farms and nurseries, there is nocertification system.91
- There is an open distribution of plants from India in the border districts. However,there are doubts about the quality of this planting material.Miscellaneous Constraints- Transportation: The transportation network is very weak, particularly in the hillareas. Thus, transportation of planting materials to production sites and of produce tothe markets is usually difficult and expensive.- Budgetary: In APP, there is a provision that the production pockets will be connectedwith agricultural roads, so that the produce can be transported to nearby markets andthe planting materials can be sent to production sites easily. But for this, the allocatedbudget is not enough.Opportunities and Prospects of Crop Diversification• Existence of climatic diversity, as a result of which many high value crops can besuccessfully grown.• The farmers group approach, in which the farmers can be united to produce as well as tosell and tackle the problems.• Initiation of a bottom-up planning process.• Small and marginal formers can be included in the groups for farming. This means evensmall and marginal farmers can practice farming on a commercial basis to generateincome from their small piece of land.• The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives has a good network of extension servicesand motivation measures for farmers.• Women farmers’ proactive involvement in mainstreaming.• GOs + NGOs + Private sector are encouraged to work hand in hand on the sameplatform.• Representation of farmers in agricultural committees at different levels.• Expanded market centres and marketing technologies. Also, development ofentrepreneurship thinking of farmers.6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGIES FOR CROPDIVERSIFICATIONPolicies and strategies for crop diversification go along with the policies andstrategies of the whole agricultural system. The following are some of the major policies andstrategies of the Government, which are indicated clearly in the Agriculture Prospective Plan(APP) and the Ninth Agriculture Plan. The APP provides the central focus for agricultureand rural development.92
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RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
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13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
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INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
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New opportunities that would benefi
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
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(CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
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SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
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Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
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through development projects implem
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y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
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cropping. This has only been possib
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process and export those labour int
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g) restoration/improvement of soil
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8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
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enthusiasm of the farmers in their
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3.3 The Formation and Development o
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carried out for years, guarantees t
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environment protection. Special att
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2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
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What is most notable is the change
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8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
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fact that the area shares of the do
Page 48 and 49: country. Therefore, a judicious use
Page 50 and 51: 5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
Page 52 and 53: 7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
Page 54 and 55: Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
Page 56 and 57: Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
Page 58 and 59: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
Page 60 and 61: production, these ratios were deter
Page 62 and 63: soybean using paddy fields should c
Page 64 and 65: food industry have sharply increase
Page 66 and 67: 7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
Page 68 and 69: Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
Page 70 and 71: Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
Page 72 and 73: The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
Page 74 and 75: About 78 percent of the rubber grow
Page 76 and 77: should be attractive to justify the
Page 78 and 79: REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
Page 80 and 81: Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
Page 82 and 83: Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
Page 84 and 85: Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
Page 86 and 87: Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
Page 88 and 89: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
Page 90 and 91: We know hill farmers face many prob
Page 92 and 93: Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
Page 94 and 95: 3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
Page 96 and 97: With regard to success stories of c
Page 100 and 101: It recognizes the need for a differ
Page 102 and 103: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
Page 104 and 105: 2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
Page 106 and 107: In coconut, diversification means t
Page 108 and 109: were used in the preparation of the
Page 110 and 111: There are a variety of factors that
Page 112 and 113: Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
Page 114 and 115: Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
Page 116 and 117: Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
Page 118 and 119: Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
Page 120 and 121: 1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
Page 122 and 123: Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
Page 124 and 125: drained and rice on poorly drained
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3. Schematic Representation
Page 128 and 129: The potato production in the up cou
Page 130 and 131: Table 6 clearly shows that there is
Page 132 and 133: In addition to the above scenario,
Page 134 and 135: 6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
Page 136 and 137: Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
Page 138 and 139: y promoting diversified crops inste
Page 140 and 141: Over the past few years, agricultur
Page 142 and 143: Land TenureMore than half of the Th
Page 144 and 145: The New theory is a novel approach
Page 146 and 147: Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
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- Farmers can sell their rice at a
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In order to maintain the growth rat
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REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
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3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
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the contour with mulching using ric
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development of new crop varieties a
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• Cultivated and growing area und
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other hand, the size of an average
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4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
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increased from 130 million ha to 15
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in tobacco nurseries. These also he
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past experience. A sustainable prog
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diversification, taking into accoun
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The major outputs are:- Integration
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• Database and information materi
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• Business plans have been formul
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minimize such losses. The developme
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
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SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
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FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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