Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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• Business plans have been formulated to promote investment in the Greenhouse cropsector for small-scale farmers.The Indicators of Achieving Major Output Effects are:• Greenhouse sector has expanded in different climatic zones (Mediterranean-arid andsemi-arid, humid topics).• More young and women entrepreneurs have become greenhouse crop producers.• Greenhouse policies adopted including MRL standards.• Increased availability of high quality and safe horticultural produce originating fromthe greenhouse crop sector meeting the MRL standards.• Reduction in the use of agro-chemicals (mineral fertilizers and pesticides).• Improved water use efficiency (WUE).• Local private workshops established for greenhouse construction and assembling.173
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS• The consultation recognized that crop diversification is one of the best options toincrease farm income leading to food, nutrition and ecological security as well aspoverty alleviation in the region. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to cropdiversification by the governments of the region. Crop diversification could beapproached in two complementary and interactive ways; a) horizontal diversificationthrough expanding the crop base by substituting or adding more crops into thecropping systems as commonly practiced by many countries of the region; and b)through vertical diversification in which downstream activities are undertaken to addvalue, indicating the stage of industrialization of the crops and their economicreturns. Vertical diversification is complementary to horizontal diversification, andthe opportunities should be exploited for product diversification and value addition toachieve highest economic returns.• Efforts have been made by different countries to identify high specialty crops, newcrops, off-season varieties and production systems, and novel varieties of crops withcomparative advantage, mainly fruits, vegetables and ornamentals, to open up newopportunities for farmers. It was noted that the promotion of multipurpose specieswould also be useful for diversification of agro-processing on small scale atlocal/national level for productivity enhancement and expanded employmentopportunities.• Rice is the most important crop in Asia. However, in marginal areas, rice-basedcropping systems have relatively low returns. Improving the current croppingsystems to enhance their sustainability to the extent possible, and shifting marginalareas out of rice into other more profitable crops is seen as a solution. Alternatively,flexible cropping systems for upland farmers that feature production of more incomeelastic goods like horticultural products are a means of diversifying their incomesources.• Concerns have been expressed regarding the policies of some countries to reduce theextent of land under major perennial crops and rice; and subsequent repercussions ofthese will have a long-term bearing. It was noted that such crop replacements unlesscarefully analyzed might have adverse effects on the food and industrial productsupply in the region.• The need for improved seed and other planting materials for effective cropdiversification was recognized. The production of quality seed through national seedprogrammes and efforts of many countries towards hybrid seed development wasnoted. The consultation recommended the strengthening of national seed enterprisesand promotion of private seed industries to supply quality seed and other plantingmaterials which is so vital for crop diversification. Steps should be taken to maintaineffective national and sub-regional seed security in the region through regionalcollaboration.• The high post-harvest losses of crop produce particularly in horticultural crops whichannually account for 20-40 percent in most countries, if prevented, could increaseyield by similar amounts. It was recommended that efforts should be made to174
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RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
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13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
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INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
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New opportunities that would benefi
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
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(CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
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SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
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Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
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through development projects implem
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y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
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cropping. This has only been possib
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process and export those labour int
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g) restoration/improvement of soil
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8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
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enthusiasm of the farmers in their
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3.3 The Formation and Development o
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carried out for years, guarantees t
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environment protection. Special att
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2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
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What is most notable is the change
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8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
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fact that the area shares of the do
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country. Therefore, a judicious use
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5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
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7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
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Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
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Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
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production, these ratios were deter
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soybean using paddy fields should c
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food industry have sharply increase
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7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
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Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
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Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
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The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
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About 78 percent of the rubber grow
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should be attractive to justify the
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REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
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Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
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Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
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Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
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Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
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We know hill farmers face many prob
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Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
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3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
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With regard to success stories of c
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5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
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It recognizes the need for a differ
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
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2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
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In coconut, diversification means t
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were used in the preparation of the
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There are a variety of factors that
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Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
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Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
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Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
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Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
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1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
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Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
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drained and rice on poorly drained
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Figure 3. Schematic Representation
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The potato production in the up cou
Page 130 and 131: Table 6 clearly shows that there is
Page 132 and 133: In addition to the above scenario,
Page 134 and 135: 6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
Page 136 and 137: Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
Page 138 and 139: y promoting diversified crops inste
Page 140 and 141: Over the past few years, agricultur
Page 142 and 143: Land TenureMore than half of the Th
Page 144 and 145: The New theory is a novel approach
Page 146 and 147: Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
Page 148 and 149: - Farmers can sell their rice at a
Page 150 and 151: In order to maintain the growth rat
Page 152 and 153: REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
Page 154 and 155: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
Page 156 and 157: 3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
Page 158 and 159: the contour with mulching using ric
Page 160 and 161: development of new crop varieties a
Page 162 and 163: • Cultivated and growing area und
Page 164 and 165: other hand, the size of an average
Page 166 and 167: 4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
Page 168 and 169: increased from 130 million ha to 15
Page 170 and 171: in tobacco nurseries. These also he
Page 172 and 173: past experience. A sustainable prog
Page 174 and 175: diversification, taking into accoun
Page 176 and 177: The major outputs are:- Integration
Page 178 and 179: • Database and information materi
Page 182 and 183: minimize such losses. The developme
Page 184 and 185: LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
Page 186 and 187: SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
Page 188 and 189: FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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