Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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minimize such losses. The development of links with the food industry for productdiversification and value addition to meet the demands of the changing society wasrecommended.• Serious concern was expressed of the soil fertility depletion, due to continuedintensive cropping over long periods of time, which needs to be corrected. The useof organic manures as replenishments through direct application or crop rotationsand insertion of green manure crops and other food legumes in the cropping systemswas recommended.• Due to the impending labour shortages for agriculture, the need for mechanization offield and post-harvest operations was noted. Need for mechanization of agriculturaloperations and assessment of the machinery use by the agricultural sector ofcountries of the region was emphasized. In view of limited land, water and laboursupply, the need for adoption of emerging agricultural technologies such as protectedagriculture, organic farming, Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS) and IntegratedPest Management (IPM) was emphasized. Efficient input supply systems throughmicro-irrigation and fertigation should be encouraged.• The role of the private sector in the development of modern agro-enterprises toinfuse capital and technology into diversified cropping systems for effectivecommercialization for long term sustainability was advocated.• The importance of diversification to value-added export oriented crops wasemphasized. In that context, the need to study marketing opportunities and productstandards required by importing countries, as well as price fluctuations,competitiveness etc., prior to embarking on diversification, was highlighted.Furthermore, the availability of market information was considered essential foridentifying promising external markets. In general, there is no point in diversifyinginto a crop for which market potential is limited.• Individual countries have developed policies, strategies and implementingmechanisms for crop diversification. These include infrastructure development(transport, communication and markets), pricing policies, subsidies, insuranceschemes, tax, tariff etc., in order to minimize risks and safeguard the interests ofagricultural entrepreneurs. As the strategies adopted by different countries areinnovative and diverse, sharing of such information will benefit the other countriesto stabilize and sustain their crop diversification initiatives.• The governments role in recognizing farmers participation in the total process ofcrop diversification, provision of information on new crop varieties, technologies tobe used, potential yields, marketing avenues and incomes to be realized was essentialfor the development of successful crop diversification programmes. The need forskill development and capacity building and documentation of required informationthrough the production of field manuals, extension leaflets etc., for use by theentrepreneurs was also considered essential.• Significant changes are taking place in domestic and international demand for cropproducts due to improvement in income, better standard of living, and changing lifestyles and preference patterns such as improved horticultural and livestock products.175
Trade liberalization and development of transport and communication infrastructurehave opened more avenues for trade and have improved access to new and distantmarkets. This has created new opportunities for crop diversification in variouscountries.• The role of FAO as facilitator in the development efforts of crop diversificationundertaken by different countries, through holding of seminars and workshops, skillsdevelopment programmes, information sharing, facilitating germplasm exchangesetc., was recognized. The need for the development of an information database oncrop diversification for use by policy makers, farmers, consumers, and otherstakeholders was an essential requisite for crop diversification. It was recommendedthat efforts should be made to compile this database.To facilitate all the above-mentioned activities the establishment of a Network onCrop Diversification for the Region was recommended.• Recognizing crop diversification as an element of poverty alleviation, incomegeneration, equity and natural resource conservation, and to enhance this, a welldesigned mechanism has to be developed through the participation of internationalorganizations and local governments to strengthen the initiative undertaken by thisregion.176
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RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
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13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
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INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
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New opportunities that would benefi
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
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(CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
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SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
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Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
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through development projects implem
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y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
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cropping. This has only been possib
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process and export those labour int
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g) restoration/improvement of soil
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8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
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enthusiasm of the farmers in their
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3.3 The Formation and Development o
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carried out for years, guarantees t
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environment protection. Special att
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2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
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What is most notable is the change
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8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
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fact that the area shares of the do
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country. Therefore, a judicious use
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5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
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7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
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Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
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Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
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production, these ratios were deter
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soybean using paddy fields should c
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food industry have sharply increase
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7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
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Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
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Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
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The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
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About 78 percent of the rubber grow
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should be attractive to justify the
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REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
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Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
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Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
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Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
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Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
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We know hill farmers face many prob
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Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
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3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
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With regard to success stories of c
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5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
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It recognizes the need for a differ
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
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2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
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In coconut, diversification means t
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were used in the preparation of the
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There are a variety of factors that
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Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
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Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
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Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
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Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
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1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
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Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
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drained and rice on poorly drained
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Figure 3. Schematic Representation
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The potato production in the up cou
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Table 6 clearly shows that there is
Page 132 and 133: In addition to the above scenario,
Page 134 and 135: 6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
Page 136 and 137: Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
Page 138 and 139: y promoting diversified crops inste
Page 140 and 141: Over the past few years, agricultur
Page 142 and 143: Land TenureMore than half of the Th
Page 144 and 145: The New theory is a novel approach
Page 146 and 147: Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
Page 148 and 149: - Farmers can sell their rice at a
Page 150 and 151: In order to maintain the growth rat
Page 152 and 153: REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
Page 154 and 155: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
Page 156 and 157: 3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
Page 158 and 159: the contour with mulching using ric
Page 160 and 161: development of new crop varieties a
Page 162 and 163: • Cultivated and growing area und
Page 164 and 165: other hand, the size of an average
Page 166 and 167: 4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
Page 168 and 169: increased from 130 million ha to 15
Page 170 and 171: in tobacco nurseries. These also he
Page 172 and 173: past experience. A sustainable prog
Page 174 and 175: diversification, taking into accoun
Page 176 and 177: The major outputs are:- Integration
Page 178 and 179: • Database and information materi
Page 180 and 181: • Business plans have been formul
Page 184 and 185: LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
Page 186 and 187: SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
Page 188 and 189: FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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