Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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diversification, taking into account administrative requirements, sustainability concerns andthe social and human context.The regional workshops for Asia and the Pacific will be organized by UNCTAD inclose cooperation with the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia andthe Pacific (ESCAP). The workshop for Asia is tentatively scheduled for the first half of2001 to be held in Bangkok.167
ALTERNATIVE CROPS AND CULTIVARS FOR NEWOPPORTUNITIESMahmud A. Duwayri *"Alternative Crops and Cultivars for New Opportunities" is one of the ProgrammeEntities/Projects of the Crop and Grassland Service of the Plant Production and ProtectionDivision of FAO. There are about 150 crop species which have already received attentionfrom breeders and commerce and have evolved through human intervention into widelycultivated species. Of these, 10-15 produce half of the world's food and materials. Thisevolution is, understandably, led by the nations with the most resources and is basically fortheir own and more stable high input and often subsidized systems. Novel technologies inemerging crops, cultivars, protected agriculture and cropping systems need to be madeavailable to and tested in developing countries, where farmers have a need for stabilization oftheir specific agro-environments, particularly through establishment of suitable species andhigh-value cultivars with food, feed, fuel, fibre and pharmacological potential. Theidentification of alternative crops and improved technologies would aim at providing acomparative advantage within a given agro-ecological and socio-economic context.Sustainable intensification of agriculture without further degradation of natural resourcesremains a challenge.Risk reduction through diversification (related to climatic and biotic vagaries,particularly in fragile ecosystems and commodity fluctuations) by expanding locally adaptedor introducing novel varieties and related production systems, will contribute to improvedfood security and income generation for resource poor farmers and protect the environment.Small family farms will not be able to increase their total income to acceptable levels withthe production of staple food crops as these are invariably of low value for thefarmer/producer. To increase income the farmer needs a higher value product that can beobtained by adding value to primary or secondary products. Fruits, vegetables, herbs andspices, flavourings, natural colourants, medicinal plants and others all offer an opportunityfor farmers to produce higher value products. Nevertheless, introducing new crops on theirown is unlikely to be successful as the whole technological and commercial package needs tobe introduced at the same time. Hence, this technical project is based on the introduction ofalternative crops with production, processing, marketing technology and nutritionalinformation. The project is closely related to the Special Programme on Food Security as 80percent of the world’s poor live in fragile ecosystems. FAO's multidisciplinary approach andglobal networking capacity can identify and match new crops and novel cultivars and theirproduction systems to targeted isozones and their peoples for both extensive and intensiveapplications. A continuing review of technology advance in existing and “new” crops is apre-requisite and has to be based both on indigenous and international knowledge.The objective of the Project is the broadening of the crop and cultivar knowledgebase for better use of the plant density in support of crop diversification options into targetedeco-zones in relation to food and income security targets and market opportunities.* Director, Plant Production and Protection Division (AGP), Food and Agriculture Organization of the UnitedNations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy.168
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RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
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13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
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INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
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New opportunities that would benefi
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
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(CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
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SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
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Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
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through development projects implem
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y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
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cropping. This has only been possib
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process and export those labour int
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g) restoration/improvement of soil
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8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
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enthusiasm of the farmers in their
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3.3 The Formation and Development o
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carried out for years, guarantees t
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environment protection. Special att
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2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
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What is most notable is the change
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8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
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fact that the area shares of the do
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country. Therefore, a judicious use
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5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
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7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
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Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
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Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
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production, these ratios were deter
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soybean using paddy fields should c
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food industry have sharply increase
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7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
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Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
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Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
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The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
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About 78 percent of the rubber grow
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should be attractive to justify the
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REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
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Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
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Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
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Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
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Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
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We know hill farmers face many prob
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Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
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3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
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With regard to success stories of c
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5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
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It recognizes the need for a differ
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
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2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
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In coconut, diversification means t
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were used in the preparation of the
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There are a variety of factors that
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Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
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Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
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Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
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Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
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1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
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Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
Page 124 and 125: drained and rice on poorly drained
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3. Schematic Representation
Page 128 and 129: The potato production in the up cou
Page 130 and 131: Table 6 clearly shows that there is
Page 132 and 133: In addition to the above scenario,
Page 134 and 135: 6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
Page 136 and 137: Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
Page 138 and 139: y promoting diversified crops inste
Page 140 and 141: Over the past few years, agricultur
Page 142 and 143: Land TenureMore than half of the Th
Page 144 and 145: The New theory is a novel approach
Page 146 and 147: Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
Page 148 and 149: - Farmers can sell their rice at a
Page 150 and 151: In order to maintain the growth rat
Page 152 and 153: REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
Page 154 and 155: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
Page 156 and 157: 3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
Page 158 and 159: the contour with mulching using ric
Page 160 and 161: development of new crop varieties a
Page 162 and 163: • Cultivated and growing area und
Page 164 and 165: other hand, the size of an average
Page 166 and 167: 4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
Page 168 and 169: increased from 130 million ha to 15
Page 170 and 171: in tobacco nurseries. These also he
Page 172 and 173: past experience. A sustainable prog
Page 176 and 177: The major outputs are:- Integration
Page 178 and 179: • Database and information materi
Page 180 and 181: • Business plans have been formul
Page 182 and 183: minimize such losses. The developme
Page 184 and 185: LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
Page 186 and 187: SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
Page 188 and 189: FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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