Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju), straw mushroom, abalonemushroom (Pleurotus cystidiosus), etc.Herbs and Spices: areca palm, betel pepper, pepper, elephant yam, Centella asiatica,ebony tree, ringworm bush, vetiver grass, as well as certain types of crops such as holy basil,common basil, mint, basilicum, lemongrass, etc.Wood and Firewood: bamboo, coconut, palm, camachile, combretum, coral tree,siris, lead tree, eucalyptus, neem tree, cassod tree, Pterocarpus, Dalbergia, Dipterocarpusalatus, etc.Field Crops: maize, soybean, groundnut, cowpea, pigeon pea, sugar cane, cassava,castor, kapok, etc. Some types of field crops could be harvested when they are still youngand sold in the market because they can get better prices than when they are ripe. Such typesof crop are maize, soybean, groundnut, cowpea, pigeon pea, sugar cane, cassava, etc.Soil nourishing and ground cover crops: pigeon pea, Caribbean stylo, Africansesbania, sesbania, sunhemp, sword bean, cassod tree, lead tree, green pea, etc. After theyhave been harvested, the soil can be ploughed and turned over to further nurture the soil.It must be noted that many plants provide more than one benefit. Emphasis in plantselection should be placed on perennial plants because they do not need intensive care oncethey are fully grown; while their products are obtained all year round if different types ofplants have been selected. These perennial trees will provide shade and moisture to theliving area and the environment. Not only that, it is necessary to consider the area’s naturalcharacteristics. For instance, eucalyptus should not be planted around the edges of the pond,instead, trees that yield fruits would be more suitable.AnimalsAquatic animals such as common carp, nile tillapia, common silver barb, and catfishwill provide protein supplements and can also be sold to earn additional income. In someareas, frogs can also be bred.Pigs or chickens are raised along the edges of the pond. In this case, pig and chickendung may be used for fish and duck feed.Once farmers understand the principles and apply the preliminary steps described inPhase 1 successfully, they can then proceed to improve their living status in becoming selfsufficient;to cut down most of the expenses; and to be free from the external constraints. Inorder to accomplish greater productivity, it is necessary to follow the steps in Phase 2 and 3,respectively.7.2 Phase 2: United Force of the CommunityOnce farmers have grasped the overall concept and successfully implemented Phase1, which produced satisfactory outcome, it is time to begin Phase 2. The second phasesuggests that farmers pool their efforts, resources, and form themselves into groups orcooperatives to execute the following activities:139
a. Production (crop selection, soil preparation, irrigation system, etc.)In this aspect, farmers have to work together in the production activities, whichinclude water for storage, pond preparation, crop varieties selection, fertilizers, and otherrequired inputs.b. Marketing (sun-dry area, silo, rice mill, product distribution, etc.)Once they have produced the product, the next step is for farmers to make thenecessary preparations in order to optimize marketing prices of their produce. Theseactivities include provision of a central rice-drying area, a silo to gather the rice crop, and arice mill as well as grouping to sell their produce at a satisfactory price, which, in theprocess, also reduces their expenses.c. Well-being (food, clothing, etc.)Farmers also need to have a decent living standard, which equips them with the basicneeds of life such as food and clothing.d. Welfare (public health services, loans, etc.)Each community should offer security and needed services such as a public healthstation or funds established to provide loans to carry out the community’s activities.e. Education (school, scholarships, etc.)The community should play a dominant role in promoting the pursuit of education,for example by establishing a fund to support the education for youth.f. Society and ReligionThe community will serve as a tool for social and moral development with religion asa welding component.All the above-mentioned activities require complete cooperation from everyoneconcerned, be it the government agencies or the private sector, and equally important,members of that community.7.3 Phase 3: Joint Efforts between Groups or Cooperatives and Organizations orthe Private SectorAfter Phase 2, individual farmers or groups of farmers would then proceed to Phase3, which involves making the necessary contacts and coordination to establish a fund orensure funding from credit sources such as banks or companies, in order to assist them in theinvestment for activities that improve the quality of their life.Under such arrangements, both farmers and the credit sources will receive mutualbenefits as follows:140
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RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
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13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
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INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
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New opportunities that would benefi
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
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(CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
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SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
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Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
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through development projects implem
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y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
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cropping. This has only been possib
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process and export those labour int
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g) restoration/improvement of soil
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8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
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enthusiasm of the farmers in their
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3.3 The Formation and Development o
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carried out for years, guarantees t
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environment protection. Special att
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2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
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What is most notable is the change
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8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
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fact that the area shares of the do
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country. Therefore, a judicious use
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5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
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7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
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Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
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Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
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production, these ratios were deter
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soybean using paddy fields should c
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food industry have sharply increase
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7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
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Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
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Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
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The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
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About 78 percent of the rubber grow
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should be attractive to justify the
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REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
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Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
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Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
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Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
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Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
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We know hill farmers face many prob
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Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
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3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
Page 96 and 97: With regard to success stories of c
Page 98 and 99: 5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
Page 100 and 101: It recognizes the need for a differ
Page 102 and 103: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
Page 104 and 105: 2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
Page 106 and 107: In coconut, diversification means t
Page 108 and 109: were used in the preparation of the
Page 110 and 111: There are a variety of factors that
Page 112 and 113: Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
Page 114 and 115: Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
Page 116 and 117: Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
Page 118 and 119: Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
Page 120 and 121: 1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
Page 122 and 123: Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
Page 124 and 125: drained and rice on poorly drained
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3. Schematic Representation
Page 128 and 129: The potato production in the up cou
Page 130 and 131: Table 6 clearly shows that there is
Page 132 and 133: In addition to the above scenario,
Page 134 and 135: 6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
Page 136 and 137: Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
Page 138 and 139: y promoting diversified crops inste
Page 140 and 141: Over the past few years, agricultur
Page 142 and 143: Land TenureMore than half of the Th
Page 144 and 145: The New theory is a novel approach
Page 148 and 149: - Farmers can sell their rice at a
Page 150 and 151: In order to maintain the growth rat
Page 152 and 153: REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
Page 154 and 155: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
Page 156 and 157: 3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
Page 158 and 159: the contour with mulching using ric
Page 160 and 161: development of new crop varieties a
Page 162 and 163: • Cultivated and growing area und
Page 164 and 165: other hand, the size of an average
Page 166 and 167: 4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
Page 168 and 169: increased from 130 million ha to 15
Page 170 and 171: in tobacco nurseries. These also he
Page 172 and 173: past experience. A sustainable prog
Page 174 and 175: diversification, taking into accoun
Page 176 and 177: The major outputs are:- Integration
Page 178 and 179: • Database and information materi
Page 180 and 181: • Business plans have been formul
Page 182 and 183: minimize such losses. The developme
Page 184 and 185: LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
Page 186 and 187: SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
Page 188 and 189: FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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