Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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• Cultivated and growing area under rice amounts to 4.2 and 7.6 million hectares, whichoccupies 54 percent and 68 percent of the national crop area, respectively. It isnecessary to reduce the area under rice for crop diversification in order to enablefarmers to get higher incomes and practice sustainable agriculture. Two main directionsshould be applied to enhance crop diversification: a) to increase the trade value of cropproducts by growing more profitable crops and adding value through processing; and b)to educate farmers of the 13 million households in Viet Nam in improving their dietaryhabits by consuming non-rice food crops rich in protein, oil, vitamins and minerals.155
INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONIN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGIONH.P.M. Gunasena *1. INTRODUCTIONMost of the developing countries are dependent on agriculture for their economic aswell as industrial development. In some of the Asia-Pacific countries, agriculture is thebackbone of the economy and they are sensitive to changes in agricultural production, pricesand other related policy options in the Region as well as in the global markets. Agriculturedevelopment will remain as the mainstay of the developing countries, in spite of the fact thatmost of them are moving towards industrialization. Therefore, the role of the agriculturalsector in any developing country is focussed on food production, gainful employment,foreign exchange earnings, capital accumulation and labour replacement.2. AGRICULTURAL LAND VS AGRICULTURAL POPULATION IN THEREGIONThe total land area of countries in the Asia-Pacific Region vary widely, being highestin China (932.64 million ha) followed by Australia (768.2 million ha), India (297.3 millionha), Indonesia (181.1 million ha). Many small countries such as Bhutan, Fiji, Republic ofKorea, and Sri Lanka have land areas below 10 million ha. Agricultural land as a percentageof total land has shown insignificant variation in the last decade. The average was 20.5percent in 1988 and 21.0 in 1997; except in developed countries namely Australia, Japan andNew Zealand, where some decline has been recorded. However, an interesting feature is thedecline in the agricultural population to total population, which is common in the developingcountries (66-62 percent) and also in the developed countries (7.6-4.9 percent) from 1988 -1997. The agricultural population has shifted to the industrial sector not only in the Asia-Pacific Region but also in the whole world. The shift in the population from the agriculturalto industrial sector focuses on two major issues on crop intensification in the Region. Theseare the high cost and the non-availability of labour even at any price during the croppingseason. The high cost of labour has burdened agricultural production, particularly in theleast developed nations, where labour cost alone account for over 50 percent of the total costof crop production. The labour shortage is likely to continue, and its repercussion can beadverse unless crop production techniques are rapidly changed. The need for less labourintensive production technologies is emphasized.The growth of population in the world has been rapid, intensifying the pressure onland. The total population in the Region has increased from 2.6 billion to 2.9 billion from1988 to 1997. The largest populations are seen in this Region with China exceeding 1.2billion and India (0.98 billion) which is on the verge of reaching the one billion mark. Of the5.8 billion people in the world, about 50 percent of the people live in the Asia-PacificRegion. The growth of population is rapid, exceeding 3.5 percent in some countries. On the* Professor and Director, Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.156
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RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
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13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
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INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
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New opportunities that would benefi
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
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(CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
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SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
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Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
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through development projects implem
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y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
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cropping. This has only been possib
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process and export those labour int
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g) restoration/improvement of soil
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8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
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enthusiasm of the farmers in their
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3.3 The Formation and Development o
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carried out for years, guarantees t
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environment protection. Special att
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2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
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What is most notable is the change
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8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
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fact that the area shares of the do
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country. Therefore, a judicious use
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5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
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7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
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Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
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Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
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production, these ratios were deter
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soybean using paddy fields should c
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food industry have sharply increase
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7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
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Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
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Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
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The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
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About 78 percent of the rubber grow
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should be attractive to justify the
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REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
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Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
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Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
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Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
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Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
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We know hill farmers face many prob
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Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
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3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
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With regard to success stories of c
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5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
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It recognizes the need for a differ
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
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2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
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In coconut, diversification means t
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were used in the preparation of the
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There are a variety of factors that
Page 112 and 113: Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
Page 114 and 115: Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
Page 116 and 117: Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
Page 118 and 119: Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
Page 120 and 121: 1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
Page 122 and 123: Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
Page 124 and 125: drained and rice on poorly drained
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3. Schematic Representation
Page 128 and 129: The potato production in the up cou
Page 130 and 131: Table 6 clearly shows that there is
Page 132 and 133: In addition to the above scenario,
Page 134 and 135: 6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
Page 136 and 137: Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
Page 138 and 139: y promoting diversified crops inste
Page 140 and 141: Over the past few years, agricultur
Page 142 and 143: Land TenureMore than half of the Th
Page 144 and 145: The New theory is a novel approach
Page 146 and 147: Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
Page 148 and 149: - Farmers can sell their rice at a
Page 150 and 151: In order to maintain the growth rat
Page 152 and 153: REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
Page 154 and 155: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
Page 156 and 157: 3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
Page 158 and 159: the contour with mulching using ric
Page 160 and 161: development of new crop varieties a
Page 164 and 165: other hand, the size of an average
Page 166 and 167: 4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
Page 168 and 169: increased from 130 million ha to 15
Page 170 and 171: in tobacco nurseries. These also he
Page 172 and 173: past experience. A sustainable prog
Page 174 and 175: diversification, taking into accoun
Page 176 and 177: The major outputs are:- Integration
Page 178 and 179: • Database and information materi
Page 180 and 181: • Business plans have been formul
Page 182 and 183: minimize such losses. The developme
Page 184 and 185: LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
Page 186 and 187: SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
Page 188 and 189: FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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