Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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process and export those labour intensive crops and increase economic activity and thecreation of employment opportunities at home and abroad. With the inauguration of theBangobandhu Multipurpose Bridge in June 1998, the agricultural hinterland of NorthwestBangladesh has been connected to the rest of the country, thereby enabling a commercialangle to Bangladesh agriculture.More than 20 crop varieties along with improved cultivation practices were so fardeveloped for crop diversification. Moreover, land use inventory capabilities were developedand transferred to the Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI) for on-going use andapplication. A significant numbers of Project Implementation Unit (PIU) and NGO officialswere trained through 25 local events to enhance their management skills. Some GOB andPIU officials also received foreign training on the administration and management ofbilateral and multilateral development of the projects. The ongoing TCTTI project iscomplementing these activities relating to skill empowerment training and capacity buildingof farmers and DAE personnel.Research on agriculture is given the priority thrust to support the increasingpopulation with food, nutrients, clothing and housing from the decreasing land resources. Inorder to carry out research on CDP crops, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI) was given the top priority. BARI has so far developed and released 9 varieties ofpotato, 5 varieties of pulses, a number of varieties of wheat, 5 varieties of oilseeds, andseveral improved cultivation techniques for vegetables. The Department of AgriculturalExtension (DAE), being the lead Government agency in the dissemination of technologies tothe farmers, is playing an active and vital role with the help of some concerned NGOs todisseminate those extension messages to the farm families.In order to succeed and bring positive changes towards the development of minorcrops, the CDP has an opportunity to get support from the following organizations:i. Research - Research on CDP crops has been entrusted with BARI, BangladeshAgricultural University (BAU), Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA),and Chittagong University (CU) also conducts research on those crops. So liaisonshould be made with these institutions.ii. Marketing - The Department of Agricultural Marketing (DAM) needs to be activatedwith the request to provide market intelligence to facilitate growers with marketinformation and intelligence in cities and rural areas. DAM will promote, popularizeand provide marketing support to growers through farming groups and organizationiii. NGOs - The involvement of efficient NGOs in association with DAE is likely toaccelerate the promotion of CDP activities.iv. BADC - The role of Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC) isconfined to the production of foundation seeds of CDP crops in their own farms andcertified seed through contract growers.Infrastructure development and refurbishing of BARI facilities and equipment willprovide an opportunity to contribute greatly to maintaining the productivity of research onCDP crops.19
6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGIES FOR CROPDIVERSIFICATION6.1 Fifth Five Year Plan TargetsSustainability of high yield and environmental protection remain the principalconcerns in recent years. Loss of soil fertility followed by the unbalanced use of chemicalfertilizers, lack of adequate quantity of water in some areas as well as their appropriateconservation and management are the major factors causing divergence between potentialand actual output of major agricultural commodities. Various studies indicate that the yieldpotential of the existing HYVs of rice is more than 4 Mt/ha, whereas the average yield ofmost of the other varieties of rice is around 2 Mt/ha. Major tasks during the Fifth Five YearPlan will be to address these issues. The specific objectives of the Plan will be to:a) increase productivity and real income of farming families in rural areas on asustainable basis through sustainable intensification of rice production and situationorientedcrop diversification;b) attain self-sufficiency in foodgrain production along with increased production ofother nutritional crops;c) encourage export of agricultural commodities, particularly vegetables and fruitskeeping in view domestic production and need;d) promote adoption of modern agricultural practices in dry land, wetland and coastalareas;e) ensure sustained agricultural growth through more efficient and balanced utilizationof land, water and other resources; andf) encourage comparatively large farms to graduate into commercial farming.Policies and Strategies: In order to achieve the objectives, the strategies/policies will beevolved and adopted to bring about necessary technical change. The following will be thespecific policies and strategies:a) improvement of the quality of seeds of desirable growth duration which will fit intosuitable crop sequences, particularly HYVs and hybrid seeds, and increasing quantity;b) development of modern, irrigated and least-risk agriculture with greater reliance oncompetitive markets through supply of agricultural inputs at low cost, making publicinvestment more effective and keeping it limited to key areas as required tosupplement private initiatives;c) strengthening of the agricultural research and extension systems in order to developnew technologies relating to crop varieties, integrated farming system, organicfarming, improved agronomic and agro-processing technologies, and for diffusion ofthe proven technologies;d) development and dissemination of ecologically sound and sustainable technologiessuch as integrated pest management (IPM) techniques, and organic and bio-fertilizeruse;e) increasing profitable production of minor crops and thereby maintaining a balancedcrop production and improving the nutritional status of the people;f) development of suitable technologies in rain-fed, dry land and wetland farmingsystem to enhance their productivity;20
Page 2 and 3: RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
Page 4 and 5: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
Page 6 and 7: 13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
Page 8 and 9: INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
Page 10 and 11: New opportunities that would benefi
Page 12 and 13: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
Page 14 and 15: (CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
Page 16 and 17: SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
Page 18 and 19: Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
Page 20 and 21: through development projects implem
Page 22 and 23: y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
Page 24 and 25: cropping. This has only been possib
Page 28 and 29: g) restoration/improvement of soil
Page 30 and 31: 8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
Page 32 and 33: enthusiasm of the farmers in their
Page 34 and 35: 3.3 The Formation and Development o
Page 36 and 37: carried out for years, guarantees t
Page 38 and 39: environment protection. Special att
Page 40 and 41: 2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
Page 42 and 43: What is most notable is the change
Page 44 and 45: 8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
Page 46 and 47: fact that the area shares of the do
Page 48 and 49: country. Therefore, a judicious use
Page 50 and 51: 5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
Page 52 and 53: 7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
Page 54 and 55: Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
Page 56 and 57: Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
Page 58 and 59: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
Page 60 and 61: production, these ratios were deter
Page 62 and 63: soybean using paddy fields should c
Page 64 and 65: food industry have sharply increase
Page 66 and 67: 7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
Page 68 and 69: Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
Page 70 and 71: Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
Page 72 and 73: The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
Page 74 and 75: About 78 percent of the rubber grow
Page 76 and 77:
should be attractive to justify the
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REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
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Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
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Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
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Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
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Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
Page 90 and 91:
We know hill farmers face many prob
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Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
Page 94 and 95:
3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
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With regard to success stories of c
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5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
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It recognizes the need for a differ
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
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2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
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In coconut, diversification means t
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were used in the preparation of the
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There are a variety of factors that
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Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
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Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
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Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
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Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
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1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
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Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
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drained and rice on poorly drained
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Figure 3. Schematic Representation
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The potato production in the up cou
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Table 6 clearly shows that there is
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In addition to the above scenario,
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6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
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Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
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y promoting diversified crops inste
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Over the past few years, agricultur
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Land TenureMore than half of the Th
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The New theory is a novel approach
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Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
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- Farmers can sell their rice at a
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In order to maintain the growth rat
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REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
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3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
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the contour with mulching using ric
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development of new crop varieties a
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• Cultivated and growing area und
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other hand, the size of an average
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4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
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increased from 130 million ha to 15
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in tobacco nurseries. These also he
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past experience. A sustainable prog
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diversification, taking into accoun
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The major outputs are:- Integration
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• Database and information materi
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• Business plans have been formul
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minimize such losses. The developme
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
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SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
Page 188 and 189:
FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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