Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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drained and rice on poorly drained land classes. Although farmers preferred to cultivate ricein all land classes irrespective of the hydrological regimes, government policies and theattractive prices for non-rice crops, which expanded the margin of profit encouraging them togrow non-paddy crops in well drained land classes.There are nearly 80,000 ha of well drained lands in the major irrigation schemesavailable for upland crop cultivation and from this 12,000 ha of lands are at present undersugar cane and a sizeable portion has been cropped with banana. Rice and other annual fieldcrops could be cultivated alternatively in the wet and dry seasons in the rest of the landavailable. Cultivation of annuals in the dry season saves water for the wet season rice crop.Growing field crops in the wet season is often hampered by heavy rains experienced due tothe build up of excess moisture in the root zone forcing the farmers to cultivate rice in thewet season.There are a few other sub-patterns that could also be identified within thediversification in major irrigation schemes (Figure 1).Figure 1. Schematic Representation of the Different Diversification Patternsin Major Irrigation SchemesSep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul.Aug.i. Semi-perennial irrigated crops in well drained and rice in poorly drained land classes.ii. Wet season rice in all land classes and dry season non-rice annuals in well drainedand rice in poorly drained land classes.iii. Rice in both wet and dry seasons and a short duration grain legume in-between thetwo seasons.The dominant crops in the first sub-pattern are sugar cane, banana and papaw whilechillies, onion, groundnut, vegetables and grain legumes are the dominant crops in the117
second pattern. Mungbean (Vigna radiata) is the crop that could commonly be observed inthe third sub-pattern.3.2. Crop Diversification in Minor Irrigation SchemesMinor reservoirs with less than 40 ha command area come under this category.These are predominantly rainfed reservoirs, which contain the water derived from theimmediate catchments. Usually, these tanks are filled during the rainy season but the waterstorage during the dry season is not sufficient for rice cultivation. There are nearly 185,000ha of irrigated lands in the command area of minor tanks. The majority of the soils in thesesystems are either imperfectly drained or poorly drained and not suitable for non-rice crops.However, farmers grow them in minor irrigation schemes by avoiding the short rainy period(April, May) in the dry season (Figure 2).Figure 2. Schematic Representation of the Different Diversification Patternsin Minor Irrigation SchemesOct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep.In minor irrigation schemes, wells are often dug to tap the shallow ground water tableboosting the availability of irrigation water during dry periods. This has become very populartoday and there are several thousand such wells that could be found in the island. The extentof cultivation by each well ranges from 0.25 ha to 0.5 ha depending on the availability ofwater. A variety of crops could be found in association with such wells, which range fromsemi-perennial fruit crops such as banana, papaw and lime to vegetables. In certain casesthese farmers tend to cultivate non-rice crops even during rainy seasons by improving thedrainage conditions of the soils.3.3 Crop Diversification in Paddy Lands in the Intermediate ZoneThe source of irrigation water in upcountry, mid and low country intermediate zonesare mainly derived from anicut schemes and minor reservoirs. The landscape is rolling tohilly in the upcountry and mid country and undulating in the low country. Rice is cultivatedin the wet season in terraced land in well to imperfectly drained soils. The attractive pricesof vegetables and onion have encouraged the farmers to grow them in the dry season andthey are cultivated in raised beds prepared within the basins. Occasionally, this vegetableproduction is affected due to high soil moisture condition occurring with heavy rains.118
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RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
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13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
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INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
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New opportunities that would benefi
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
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(CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
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SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
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Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
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through development projects implem
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y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
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cropping. This has only been possib
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process and export those labour int
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g) restoration/improvement of soil
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8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
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enthusiasm of the farmers in their
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3.3 The Formation and Development o
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carried out for years, guarantees t
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environment protection. Special att
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2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
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What is most notable is the change
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8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
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fact that the area shares of the do
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country. Therefore, a judicious use
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5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
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7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
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Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
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Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
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production, these ratios were deter
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soybean using paddy fields should c
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food industry have sharply increase
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7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
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Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
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Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
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The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
Page 74 and 75: About 78 percent of the rubber grow
Page 76 and 77: should be attractive to justify the
Page 78 and 79: REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
Page 80 and 81: Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
Page 82 and 83: Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
Page 84 and 85: Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
Page 86 and 87: Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
Page 88 and 89: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
Page 90 and 91: We know hill farmers face many prob
Page 92 and 93: Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
Page 94 and 95: 3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
Page 96 and 97: With regard to success stories of c
Page 98 and 99: 5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
Page 100 and 101: It recognizes the need for a differ
Page 102 and 103: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
Page 104 and 105: 2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
Page 106 and 107: In coconut, diversification means t
Page 108 and 109: were used in the preparation of the
Page 110 and 111: There are a variety of factors that
Page 112 and 113: Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
Page 114 and 115: Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
Page 116 and 117: Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
Page 118 and 119: Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
Page 120 and 121: 1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
Page 122 and 123: Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3. Schematic Representation
Page 128 and 129: The potato production in the up cou
Page 130 and 131: Table 6 clearly shows that there is
Page 132 and 133: In addition to the above scenario,
Page 134 and 135: 6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
Page 136 and 137: Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
Page 138 and 139: y promoting diversified crops inste
Page 140 and 141: Over the past few years, agricultur
Page 142 and 143: Land TenureMore than half of the Th
Page 144 and 145: The New theory is a novel approach
Page 146 and 147: Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
Page 148 and 149: - Farmers can sell their rice at a
Page 150 and 151: In order to maintain the growth rat
Page 152 and 153: REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
Page 154 and 155: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
Page 156 and 157: 3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
Page 158 and 159: the contour with mulching using ric
Page 160 and 161: development of new crop varieties a
Page 162 and 163: • Cultivated and growing area und
Page 164 and 165: other hand, the size of an average
Page 166 and 167: 4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
Page 168 and 169: increased from 130 million ha to 15
Page 170 and 171: in tobacco nurseries. These also he
Page 172 and 173: past experience. A sustainable prog
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diversification, taking into accoun
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The major outputs are:- Integration
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• Database and information materi
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• Business plans have been formul
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minimize such losses. The developme
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
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SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
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FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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