Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONNepal is a land locked country bordered by India in the east, south and west, andChina in the north, with a total of area of 147181 km 2 . The average length (east to west) is885 km, while the breadth (north to south) is 193 km. The country is broadly divided fromeast to west into three agro-ecological zones of approximately equal area. The Southwestzone is the Terai or plains, which are the northern extension of the Gangetic Plains of alluvialsoils and have an elevation of 100-300 meters above mean sea level (mmsl). The middlezone comprises the less densely populated hills, which are cut by a series of valleys. Attituderanges from 250-4,000 mmsl, and the zone is characterized by steep valleys that are oftenterraced for extensive agriculture. The topography of the hill zone results in differentmicroclimates that can be suited to specific crops. To the north is the mountain zone whichextends to over 8,000 mmsl. The mountain zone is the least populated and has the lowestintensity of agricultural activity.Accordingly, if we try to see the country from the climatic point of view, in the plainsor Terai there is hot and humid or subtropical to tropical climate, while in the hills bothsubtropical climate in the foothills and temperate climate on the top of the hills prevail. Themountains have very cold climate. Based on the prevailing climatic conditions, differenttypes of crops can be grown. Primarily, rice, wheat, legumes and oilseeds are the majorcommodities of the Terai, rice, maize, wheat, pulses and oilseed are major commodities inthe hills and potato, barley, buckwheat and amaranthus are the commodities suitable for themountains. Potato and vegetables can be grown in every ecological zone. Among the fruits,mango, litchi, banana, pineapple and guava are major commodities, while in the hills citrus isthe main fruit. Banana, guava, pears, and peaches can also be grown in this belt. In the highhills or mountains temperate fruits such as apple, apricot, walnut etc., are appropriatelycultivated. Based on the above conditions the cropping patterns are as follows:a) Terai (Plains)Irrigated LowlandRice - Wheat - MaizeRice - Potato - VegetablesRice - Peas - RiceRice - Lentil - VegetablesRice - Mustard/Peas - VegetablesUnirrigated LowlandRice - Wheat - FallowRice - Mustard/Peas- FallowRice - Lentils - FallowSugar cane87
Uplandb) HillsMaize - MustardIrrigated LowlandRice - Wheat - MaizeRice - Potato - MaizeRice - Wheat - VegetableRice - Lentils - VegetablesRice - Vegetables - RiceUplandMaize + Millet - Black gram - FallowMaize - Millet - VegetablesMaize + Legumes - Potato - FallowMaize + Ghaiya - Vegetables - FallowGhaiya - Legumes - Fallowc) MountainsMaize - Vegetable - FallowPotato - Potato - FallowMaize - Wheat - FallowNiger - Potato - FallowMaize - Fallow - FallowWhether irrigated or rainfed, rice is the staple crop of the lowland. This is becauserice is the staple food commodity of the Nepalese people. It is considered a prestigious cropin the society. In the lowlands wheat is another important food commodity. Both these cropsare consumed by every family.Similarly, maize is the second most important food crop in the hills. This is mainlygrown for family consumption. Farmers also sell it if they have surplus production. In manyhill areas, millet is another important food item. Hill farmers feel that millet is highlynutritious for them.In high hills or mountains, potato is the main crop taken as food followed by maize,buckwheat, barley etc. Because of the cold climate, farmers of this area harvest mostly onecrop in a year.In every agro-ecological zone, priority is given to food crops first and then to cashcrops. People need food crops for meeting household needs and cash crops for incomegeneration. Traditionally, farmers grow every sort of possible crop needed for homeconsumption. This is the reason why there are mainly two types of cropping patterns,namely rice based in the lowlands and maize based in the uplands.88
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RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
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13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
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INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
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New opportunities that would benefi
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
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(CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
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SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
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Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
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through development projects implem
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y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
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cropping. This has only been possib
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process and export those labour int
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g) restoration/improvement of soil
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8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
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enthusiasm of the farmers in their
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3.3 The Formation and Development o
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carried out for years, guarantees t
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environment protection. Special att
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2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
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What is most notable is the change
Page 44 and 45: 8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
Page 46 and 47: fact that the area shares of the do
Page 48 and 49: country. Therefore, a judicious use
Page 50 and 51: 5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
Page 52 and 53: 7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
Page 54 and 55: Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
Page 56 and 57: Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
Page 58 and 59: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
Page 60 and 61: production, these ratios were deter
Page 62 and 63: soybean using paddy fields should c
Page 64 and 65: food industry have sharply increase
Page 66 and 67: 7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
Page 68 and 69: Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
Page 70 and 71: Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
Page 72 and 73: The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
Page 74 and 75: About 78 percent of the rubber grow
Page 76 and 77: should be attractive to justify the
Page 78 and 79: REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
Page 80 and 81: Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
Page 82 and 83: Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
Page 84 and 85: Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
Page 86 and 87: Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
Page 88 and 89: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
Page 90 and 91: We know hill farmers face many prob
Page 92 and 93: Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
Page 96 and 97: With regard to success stories of c
Page 98 and 99: 5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
Page 100 and 101: It recognizes the need for a differ
Page 102 and 103: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
Page 104 and 105: 2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
Page 106 and 107: In coconut, diversification means t
Page 108 and 109: were used in the preparation of the
Page 110 and 111: There are a variety of factors that
Page 112 and 113: Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
Page 114 and 115: Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
Page 116 and 117: Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
Page 118 and 119: Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
Page 120 and 121: 1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
Page 122 and 123: Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
Page 124 and 125: drained and rice on poorly drained
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3. Schematic Representation
Page 128 and 129: The potato production in the up cou
Page 130 and 131: Table 6 clearly shows that there is
Page 132 and 133: In addition to the above scenario,
Page 134 and 135: 6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
Page 136 and 137: Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
Page 138 and 139: y promoting diversified crops inste
Page 140 and 141: Over the past few years, agricultur
Page 142 and 143: Land TenureMore than half of the Th
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The New theory is a novel approach
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Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
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- Farmers can sell their rice at a
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In order to maintain the growth rat
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REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
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3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
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the contour with mulching using ric
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development of new crop varieties a
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• Cultivated and growing area und
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other hand, the size of an average
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4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
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increased from 130 million ha to 15
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in tobacco nurseries. These also he
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past experience. A sustainable prog
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diversification, taking into accoun
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The major outputs are:- Integration
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• Database and information materi
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• Business plans have been formul
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minimize such losses. The developme
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
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SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
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FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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