Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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past experience. A sustainable programme of diversification could be achieved only throughfarmer participation in the planning process. According to Marambe et. al. (1999) for cropdiversification in minor irrigation schemes in Sri Lanka, the major factors are the decisionsmade on selection of crops and efficiency of resource allocation and utilization.4.8 New Technology DevelopmentAsian Agriculture has benefited from innovative front line research during the pasttwo decades. Rapid progress has been made in cereal production due to the development ofhigh yielding varieties of rice, wheat and maize. Cereal breeding, including the production ofhybrids, is continuing which will enhance crop production in the Region.Modern biotechnology in which characteristics based on single genes can betransferred from any organism to plants has resulted in transgenic plants combining diseaseor insect or herbicide tolerance. Therefore, the emerging genetic technologies could bebeneficial to farmers due to their cost effectiveness. On a global level, transgenic cropsincreased from 2.8 to 12.8 million ha from 1996 to 1997. The industrialized countries growlarge extents (75 percent) while developing countries (especially China in the Region) growonly 25 percent. The use of transgenic crops has come under severe scrutiny in recent timesand some countries have completely banned their import until the actual situation is clarified.The development and utilization of new technologies have to be supported at thenational level, both in terms of capacity building with appropriate training, and policiesprogrammes, and mechanisms for their implementation. Increased resources for agriculturalresearch and development are essential so that conventional and biotechnologicalapplications can be accelerated and integrated to produce high yielding crops and saferfoods. It is now widely acknowledged that conventional technologies will be less thanadequate to double food production, and biotechnology will be an essential strategy toachieve food security in the Region.REFERENCESIRRI. 1995. World Rice Statistics. 1993-94. Los Banos, PhilippinesYuan, L.P. 1996. Hybrid rice in China. In Hybrid rice technology, Directorate of RiceResearch, Hyderabad, India 51-54.Marambe B, Sangakkara, U.R. and Azharul Haq, K. 1996.. Crop Diversification Strategiesfor Minor Irrigation Schemes. Proceedings of Workshop, 20 Feb. 1966, IMMI, SriLanka.Seckler, D. 1999. Water scarcity and challenge of increasing water use efficiency andproductivity. Sustainable Agriculture Solutions. Novello Press, London, 116-126.165
UNCTAD'S PROJECT ON CAPACITY BUILDING FORDIVERSIFICATION AND COMMODITY-BASEDDEVELOPMENTAlexei N. Mojarov *The international community has recognized that horizontal and verticaldiversification by commodity dependent developing countries is a priority for theirdevelopment and invited the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD) to provide assistance to developing countries in this respect. Starting from 2000,UNCTAD is embarking upon a two-year Project on Capacity Building for Diversificationand Commodity-Based Development. In charge of the Project is UNCTAD’s CommoditiesBranch of the Division on International Trade in Goods and Services and Commodities(DITC).The Project’s objectives are: i) to promote the horizontal, vertical and geographicaldiversification of production and trade structures; ii) to improve governments' capacities toformulate focused, effective and sequenced policies in this respect; iii) to increase thecompetence of enterprises in adapting their business strategies and supplies to the Post-Uruguay Round trading framework; and iv) to strengthen positive linkages between thecommodity sector and the rest of the economy.Within the framework of the Project the following activities will be carried out:a) Preparation of policy oriented studies on export diversification strategies ofgovernments and enterprises, and on development implications of diversification forthe exchange of experiences and capacity building.b) Regional workshops for enterprises and government officials, focusing on exportdiversification strategies of governments and enterprises, and on developmentimplications of diversification.The workshops will be organized in the four developing regions, namely Africa,Asia, Latin America and the Pacific. These workshops, where not only regional experiencesbut also those from other regions will be discussed, will provide the framework for nationalas well as regional or sub-regional capacity building programmes. The regional workshopsthen will be followed by national workshops expected to be held in 10 countries coveringdeveloping regions. The national workshops will bring together the government, theenterprise sector, civil society and relevant international organizations to make proposals onenterprise strategies as well as the most efficient and cost-effective government policies andmeasures, including those aimed at improving physical and human capacities to promotediversification and to ensure that the disadvantaged segments of the society benefit from* Economic Affairs Officer, Commodities Branch, Division on International Trade in Goods and Services, andCommodities (DITC), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Palais Des Nations,Geneva, Switzerland.166
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RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
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13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
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INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
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New opportunities that would benefi
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
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(CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
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SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
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Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
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through development projects implem
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y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
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cropping. This has only been possib
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process and export those labour int
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g) restoration/improvement of soil
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8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
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enthusiasm of the farmers in their
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3.3 The Formation and Development o
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carried out for years, guarantees t
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environment protection. Special att
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2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
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What is most notable is the change
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8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
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fact that the area shares of the do
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country. Therefore, a judicious use
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5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
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7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
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Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
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Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
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production, these ratios were deter
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soybean using paddy fields should c
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food industry have sharply increase
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7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
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Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
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Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
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The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
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About 78 percent of the rubber grow
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should be attractive to justify the
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REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
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Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
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Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
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Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
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Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
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We know hill farmers face many prob
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Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
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3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
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With regard to success stories of c
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5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
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It recognizes the need for a differ
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
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2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
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In coconut, diversification means t
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were used in the preparation of the
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There are a variety of factors that
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Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
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Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
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Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
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Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
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1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
Page 122 and 123: Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
Page 124 and 125: drained and rice on poorly drained
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3. Schematic Representation
Page 128 and 129: The potato production in the up cou
Page 130 and 131: Table 6 clearly shows that there is
Page 132 and 133: In addition to the above scenario,
Page 134 and 135: 6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
Page 136 and 137: Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
Page 138 and 139: y promoting diversified crops inste
Page 140 and 141: Over the past few years, agricultur
Page 142 and 143: Land TenureMore than half of the Th
Page 144 and 145: The New theory is a novel approach
Page 146 and 147: Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
Page 148 and 149: - Farmers can sell their rice at a
Page 150 and 151: In order to maintain the growth rat
Page 152 and 153: REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
Page 154 and 155: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
Page 156 and 157: 3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
Page 158 and 159: the contour with mulching using ric
Page 160 and 161: development of new crop varieties a
Page 162 and 163: • Cultivated and growing area und
Page 164 and 165: other hand, the size of an average
Page 166 and 167: 4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
Page 168 and 169: increased from 130 million ha to 15
Page 170 and 171: in tobacco nurseries. These also he
Page 174 and 175: diversification, taking into accoun
Page 176 and 177: The major outputs are:- Integration
Page 178 and 179: • Database and information materi
Page 180 and 181: • Business plans have been formul
Page 182 and 183: minimize such losses. The developme
Page 184 and 185: LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
Page 186 and 187: SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
Page 188 and 189: FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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