Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Patterns in Four Regions in Luzon, Philippines(adopted from Adriano, 1989)RegionCARIIIIIICropping PatternRice-rice, rice garlic, rice-tobacco, rice-legumeRice-rice, rice-legumes, rice-fallow, rice-tomato, rice-cornRice-rice, rice-fallowRice-rice, rice-fallowTable 8. Successful Crop Diversification Patterns in the PhilippinesCropping System Location Yield/ha Profit/ha Reference1. Rice-onion Talavera, NuevaEcija3.43 6,116.00 Agulto, 19892. Rice Garlic Laoag, IlocosNorte1.7-2.4 14,006.00-17,249.00Adriano, 19893. Rice-Peanut Ilocos Region 1.80 25,990.00 Gonzales, 19894. Rice-Mungbean Ilocos Region 0.88 6,147.00 Gonzales, 19895. Rice-Onion Central Luzon 10.66 64,380.00 Gonzales, 19896. Coconut+Cacao Murcia, Negros - 30,202.50 PCARRD, 19937, Coconut +Passion fruitLucban, Quezon - 30,000.00 PCARRD, 19938. Coconut +bananaSouthernMindanao- ROI=163-631%PCARRD, 19939. Coconut +PineappleSouthernMindanao- ROI=68% PCARRD, 199310. Coconut +Pineapple +Cacao +BananaJaro, Leyte - 18,892.00 PCARRD, 1993111
CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN SRI LANKAS.S.B.D.G. Jayawardane * and L. A. Weerasena **1. INTRODUCTIONSri Lanka is an island in the Indian ocean located between 79 o 50’ and 82 o longitudeand 6 o and 9 o 50’ latitude. The total land area of the island is 6.5 million hectares and thepopulation is 19 million.The extent of irrigable land in the country has been increased to 483,000 ha including80,000 ha of well drained upland with the commissioning of lands under the Mahaweli riversystem and other major irrigation schemes in the post independence era resulting in abreakthrough in rice production. Sri Lanka has become nearly self-sufficient in riceproduction. However, cultivation of rice in well drained soils in major irrigation schemes isconsidered to be a waste of irrigation water due to high percolation rates observed.Cultivation of non-paddy crops in the well drained soils could save water and thus pave theway for crop diversification in major irrigation schemes.The cost of rice production has increased tremendously during the past few decadesand consequently rice production has become uneconomical in marginal rice lands,especially in the wet part of the island. Therefore, more lands have become available forcrop diversification. The potential areas of crop diversification in the island are found indifferent ecological settings. Cultivated crops and cropping patterns adopted vary with theagro-ecological conditions. Hence, the definition of crop diversification contains anextensive meaning for Sri Lanka. Thus it could be defined as the cultivation of alternativecrops or adoption of alternate cropping patterns instead of traditional crops and croppingpatterns.1.1 ClimateSri Lanka is located in the tropical belt of the world climatic map. The central hillsof the country divide Sri Lanka into three major climatic zones by acting as a barrier to themonsoon winds. The three major climatic zones are named as wet, intermediate and dryzones which receive an average annual rainfall of >5000-2500 mm, 2500-1750 and 1750-900 mm, respectively. Further, three main regions in the island have also been identified,based on elevation, namely, the low country (0 – 300 m), mid country (300 – 900 m) and upcountry (>900 m). These climatic zones are further sub-divided into 24 agro-ecologicalregions, each one being more or less uniform in climatic conditions and in soils. Majorirrigation schemes are predominantly found in the dry zone and a few are found in the othertwo zones. Rainfed wetland rice cultivation is mainly practiced in the wet zone.* Director General of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.** Deputy Director (Research), Regional Agriculture Research Centre, Angunakolapellessa, Sri Lanka.112
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RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
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13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
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INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
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New opportunities that would benefi
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
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(CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
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SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
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Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
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through development projects implem
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y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
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cropping. This has only been possib
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process and export those labour int
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g) restoration/improvement of soil
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8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
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enthusiasm of the farmers in their
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3.3 The Formation and Development o
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carried out for years, guarantees t
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environment protection. Special att
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2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
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What is most notable is the change
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8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
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fact that the area shares of the do
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country. Therefore, a judicious use
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5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
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7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
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Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
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Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
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production, these ratios were deter
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soybean using paddy fields should c
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food industry have sharply increase
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7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
Page 68 and 69: Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
Page 70 and 71: Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
Page 72 and 73: The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
Page 74 and 75: About 78 percent of the rubber grow
Page 76 and 77: should be attractive to justify the
Page 78 and 79: REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
Page 80 and 81: Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
Page 82 and 83: Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
Page 84 and 85: Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
Page 86 and 87: Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
Page 88 and 89: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
Page 90 and 91: We know hill farmers face many prob
Page 92 and 93: Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
Page 94 and 95: 3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
Page 96 and 97: With regard to success stories of c
Page 98 and 99: 5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
Page 100 and 101: It recognizes the need for a differ
Page 102 and 103: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
Page 104 and 105: 2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
Page 106 and 107: In coconut, diversification means t
Page 108 and 109: were used in the preparation of the
Page 110 and 111: There are a variety of factors that
Page 112 and 113: Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
Page 114 and 115: Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
Page 116 and 117: Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
Page 120 and 121: 1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
Page 122 and 123: Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
Page 124 and 125: drained and rice on poorly drained
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3. Schematic Representation
Page 128 and 129: The potato production in the up cou
Page 130 and 131: Table 6 clearly shows that there is
Page 132 and 133: In addition to the above scenario,
Page 134 and 135: 6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
Page 136 and 137: Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
Page 138 and 139: y promoting diversified crops inste
Page 140 and 141: Over the past few years, agricultur
Page 142 and 143: Land TenureMore than half of the Th
Page 144 and 145: The New theory is a novel approach
Page 146 and 147: Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
Page 148 and 149: - Farmers can sell their rice at a
Page 150 and 151: In order to maintain the growth rat
Page 152 and 153: REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
Page 154 and 155: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
Page 156 and 157: 3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
Page 158 and 159: the contour with mulching using ric
Page 160 and 161: development of new crop varieties a
Page 162 and 163: • Cultivated and growing area und
Page 164 and 165: other hand, the size of an average
Page 166 and 167: 4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
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increased from 130 million ha to 15
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in tobacco nurseries. These also he
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past experience. A sustainable prog
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diversification, taking into accoun
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The major outputs are:- Integration
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• Database and information materi
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• Business plans have been formul
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minimize such losses. The developme
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
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SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
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FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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