Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the importance of crop diversification for increasing farmers’ incomeand employment opportunities, reducing production risk and improving soil fertility andhuman nutrition, the following recommendations are drawn:• By continuous motivation and encouragement, the farmers would be made financiallybetter off by growing at least one CDP crop, vegetable and fruit crop which is muchmore labour intensive than rice production directly involves women and can employmany more marginal farmers and landless as labourers. The population could bebetter off, because its nutrition will be improved and the soil will benefit becausecrop rotation is a proven management technique. So it is imperative to sustain cropdiversification.• Efficient support services and institutions for credit, marketing, processing andpacking should be geared up to open the door for CDP crops.• To encourage crop diversification, some prospective cropping patterns, improvedpractices and irrigation management should be demonstrated at different locations.• Further research should be undertaken for varietal improvement of high-value CDPcrops and for assessing the technical and economic feasibility of growing them underboth irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. As adjustments in growth durationbecome an obvious necessity, breeding crop varieties which would fit into changedcropping sequences would become necessary for increasing the overall production ofthe cropping system.• In view of the predominantly small farmer holdings that are operating, whateverrecommendations are made should be specifically targeted to improve the productionsystem of small farmer holdings, tenant farmers and the marginal and landlesscategory of the population.23
CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN CHINAZuo Mengxiao *1. INTRODUCTION1.1 Bio-diversity of Genetic ResourcesChina ranks third in the world in germplasm resources, second only to Brazil andColombia, and occupies 12 percent of the world’s crop species. The country is one of thethree centres of origin of cultivated plants in the world and has a great number of wildrelatives of cultivated species such as soybean, rice, barley, tea and, therefore, is very rich ingermplasm resources of crops. According to statistics, China has more than 1,000 economictree species, 50,000 local rice varieties, 20,000 soybean varieties, more than 11,000 speciesof drug plants, more than 4,200 species of forage plants, and more than 2,200 species ofimportant ornamental and flower plants.1.2 Crop Diversification in ChinaChina has 7,000 years of history in agricultural development and domestication ofcrops. This heritage of cultivated plants developed and utilized by the farmers is unique inthe world. China’s vast territory, diversity of climates, as well as its complicatedphysiography made great contributions to the formation of a variety of ecosystems. With along period of natural and artificial selection, the farmers in China have created various typesof cropping systems to match varied ecosystems exploiting abundant genetic resources offarm crops.Diversification of farm crops refers to the complex diversification patterns ofagricultural cropping systems found under the conditions of farming environments. In short,diversification of crops firstly refers to the species diversification of cultivated crops andsecondly refers to the diversification of varieties and ecotypes of the same variety tomaximize outputs of primary products as well as value-added processed products to enablefarmers to enhance their incomes. The Chinese farmer pioneered this concept long ago as thepressure of population on land was so great that he was compelled to diversify his croppingsystems in order to be self-reliant within the physical resources available to him.2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SCENARIO2.1 Commercial Production of Major CropsThe Chinese government always puts agriculture at the forefront of the nationaleconomy, and assists in improving the conditions of agricultural production continuously bystabilizing the basic policies in rural areas. The government thus protected and mobilized the* Senior Agronomist and Deputy Director, Department of Crop Production, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing,China.24
Page 2 and 3: RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
Page 4 and 5: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
Page 6 and 7: 13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
Page 8 and 9: INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
Page 10 and 11: New opportunities that would benefi
Page 12 and 13: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
Page 14 and 15: (CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
Page 16 and 17: SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
Page 18 and 19: Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
Page 20 and 21: through development projects implem
Page 22 and 23: y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
Page 24 and 25: cropping. This has only been possib
Page 26 and 27: process and export those labour int
Page 28 and 29: g) restoration/improvement of soil
Page 32 and 33: enthusiasm of the farmers in their
Page 34 and 35: 3.3 The Formation and Development o
Page 36 and 37: carried out for years, guarantees t
Page 38 and 39: environment protection. Special att
Page 40 and 41: 2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
Page 42 and 43: What is most notable is the change
Page 44 and 45: 8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
Page 46 and 47: fact that the area shares of the do
Page 48 and 49: country. Therefore, a judicious use
Page 50 and 51: 5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
Page 52 and 53: 7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
Page 54 and 55: Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
Page 56 and 57: Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
Page 58 and 59: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
Page 60 and 61: production, these ratios were deter
Page 62 and 63: soybean using paddy fields should c
Page 64 and 65: food industry have sharply increase
Page 66 and 67: 7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
Page 68 and 69: Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
Page 70 and 71: Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
Page 72 and 73: The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
Page 74 and 75: About 78 percent of the rubber grow
Page 76 and 77: should be attractive to justify the
Page 78 and 79: REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
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Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
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Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
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Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
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Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
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We know hill farmers face many prob
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Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
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3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
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With regard to success stories of c
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5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
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It recognizes the need for a differ
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
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2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
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In coconut, diversification means t
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were used in the preparation of the
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There are a variety of factors that
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Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
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Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
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Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
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Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
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1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
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Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
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drained and rice on poorly drained
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Figure 3. Schematic Representation
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The potato production in the up cou
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Table 6 clearly shows that there is
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In addition to the above scenario,
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6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
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Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
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y promoting diversified crops inste
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Over the past few years, agricultur
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Land TenureMore than half of the Th
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The New theory is a novel approach
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Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
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- Farmers can sell their rice at a
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In order to maintain the growth rat
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REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
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3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
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the contour with mulching using ric
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development of new crop varieties a
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• Cultivated and growing area und
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other hand, the size of an average
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4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
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increased from 130 million ha to 15
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in tobacco nurseries. These also he
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past experience. A sustainable prog
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diversification, taking into accoun
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The major outputs are:- Integration
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• Database and information materi
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• Business plans have been formul
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minimize such losses. The developme
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
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SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
Page 188 and 189:
FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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