Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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(CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas gave promising results in terms of yield per hectare ofmaize, pulses, oilseeds, potatoes, vegetables, etc.As regards performance of modern inputs, the irrigated area increased to about 4 millionhectares in 1996/97 from the level of 2.65million hectares in 1990/91. Ground water irrigationcovered 68.5 percent of the total irrigated area while the surface water irrigation was only 31.5percent in 1996/97. Ground water irrigation witnessed significant expansion during the last twodecades. Use of chemical fertilizers increased from 2 million Mt in 1990/91 to 3.02 million Mtin 1995/96. Public sector seed distribution (mainly rice and wheat) occupies only about 5percent of the total requirements. The large part of the seed requirement is met by the privatesector.The reforms of the agriculture sector have been quite pronounced and visible. For over adecade a wide range of policy reforms have been implemented in the agricultural sector. A fewof these are privatization of input distribution, withdrawal of input and food subsidy, importliberalization and a broadening of the scope of private investment in agriculture. In recent years,the coverage of policy reforms in the agriculture sector has substantially expanded to includeminor irrigation equipment, agricultural machinery, seeds and agricultural trade.2.2 Crop Production during the Fifth Five Year PlanThe projection of crop production during the Plan has been worked out keeping in viewthe production possibilities, agronomic consideration, availability of production inputs andfarmers' accessibility to resources and willingness to increase production within the prevailingagro-economic condition. Emphasis will be put on increasing yield per hectare rather thanincreasing cropped area and shifting from local varieties to the HYVs. The purpose of foodgrainproduction, in addition to attaining self-sufficiency, will be to provide nutritious food for theentire population.Bangladesh is endowed with favourable climate and soils for the production of a varietyof crops throughout the year. The winter crops are greater in number than the summer monsooncrops. The production of major and minor crops became unbalanced in recent years due togreater emphasis given on cereals, especially rice and wheat. The situation needs to be improvedfor balanced diet of the people.The production of minor crops such as pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits, spices, etc., iscurrently inadequate to provide for the required nutrition in the daily diet of the people. Such asituation will not be allowed to continue. Accelerated production of minor crops,complementary but not competitive with major food crops production as per the requirement forreducing pressure on cereals, will be pursued during the Fifth Plan period. This will improve thedaily diet of the people, generate rural employment by intensive cropping with improvedtechnologies, increase farm income and thereby increase the purchasing power of the ruralmasses. It will also improve the balance of payments by promoting import substitution andexport oriented crops.Fruits and vegetables are important sources of minerals and vitamins and provide a partof the calorie requirement in the daily diet of the people. They also provide most of the food7
oughage, which contributes to the prevention of disorders of the digestive system. Besides,vegetable protein appears to be superior to animal protein. The nutritional status of theBangladeshi diet is on a declining trend due to low intake of vegetables, fruits and spices. Theincreased production and intake of vegetables by the people will help compensate fordebilitating nutritional deficiencies.The foodgrain production in the terminal year of the Fifth Plan has been projected to be25.12 million Mt. Out of this, rice production is expected to be 23.40 million Mt as against theproduction of 18.88 million Mt in 1996/97. The estimates for wheat and other coarse grainproduction have been made at 1.60 million Mt and 0.12 million Mt, respectively, in the terminalyear of the Plan. The actual and projected production of important crops are shown in Tables 1and 2 and the details of trade in Tables 3 and 4.Table 1. Production Projection of Important Crops during the Fifth Plan(Area in million hectares and production in million metric tonnes unless otherwise noted)Crops 1996-97 (Benchmark) 2001-2002 (Projection)Area Production Area Production1 2 3 4 5Rice10.40 18.8810.11 23.40Wheat0.711.450.701.60Sub-Total 11.11 20.33 10.81 25.00Other coarse grain 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.12Total Foodgrain 11.21 20.43 10.93 25.12PotatoSweet PotatoOilseedsPulsesSpicesVegetablesFruitsJute (million bales)Cotton (million bales)Sugar caneTea (million kg)Tobacco0.150.050.500.650.150.250.190.510.040.180.050.031.850.500.370.530.331.452.144.870.108.1054.000.040.160.050.700.780.220.300.260.570.110.180.050.032.430.660.760.850.501.823.547.240.2612.3760.000.048
Page 2 and 3: RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
Page 4 and 5: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
Page 6 and 7: 13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
Page 8 and 9: INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
Page 10 and 11: New opportunities that would benefi
Page 12 and 13: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
Page 16 and 17: SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
Page 18 and 19: Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
Page 20 and 21: through development projects implem
Page 22 and 23: y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
Page 24 and 25: cropping. This has only been possib
Page 26 and 27: process and export those labour int
Page 28 and 29: g) restoration/improvement of soil
Page 30 and 31: 8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
Page 32 and 33: enthusiasm of the farmers in their
Page 34 and 35: 3.3 The Formation and Development o
Page 36 and 37: carried out for years, guarantees t
Page 38 and 39: environment protection. Special att
Page 40 and 41: 2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
Page 42 and 43: What is most notable is the change
Page 44 and 45: 8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
Page 46 and 47: fact that the area shares of the do
Page 48 and 49: country. Therefore, a judicious use
Page 50 and 51: 5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
Page 52 and 53: 7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
Page 54 and 55: Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
Page 56 and 57: Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
Page 58 and 59: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
Page 60 and 61: production, these ratios were deter
Page 62 and 63: soybean using paddy fields should c
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food industry have sharply increase
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7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
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Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
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Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
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The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
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About 78 percent of the rubber grow
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should be attractive to justify the
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REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
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Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
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Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
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Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
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Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
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We know hill farmers face many prob
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Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
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3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
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With regard to success stories of c
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5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
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It recognizes the need for a differ
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
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2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
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In coconut, diversification means t
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were used in the preparation of the
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There are a variety of factors that
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Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
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Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
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Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
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Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
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1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
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Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
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drained and rice on poorly drained
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Figure 3. Schematic Representation
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The potato production in the up cou
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Table 6 clearly shows that there is
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In addition to the above scenario,
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6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
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Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
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y promoting diversified crops inste
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Over the past few years, agricultur
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Land TenureMore than half of the Th
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The New theory is a novel approach
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Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
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- Farmers can sell their rice at a
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In order to maintain the growth rat
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REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
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3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
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the contour with mulching using ric
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development of new crop varieties a
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• Cultivated and growing area und
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other hand, the size of an average
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4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
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increased from 130 million ha to 15
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in tobacco nurseries. These also he
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past experience. A sustainable prog
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diversification, taking into accoun
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The major outputs are:- Integration
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• Database and information materi
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• Business plans have been formul
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minimize such losses. The developme
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
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SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
Page 188 and 189:
FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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