Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (Import, Export)Name ofCropsRiceWheatOilseedEdible oilTeaVegetablesRaw JuteFrozenFoodOthersLeatherJute goods1996-9728.0156.062.0296.0Import (in Million dollars)1997- 1997-9898 (Jul-247.0122.093.0216.0Dec)6.069.048.0122.01998-99309.146.050.0138.01996-9738.1424.91116.31320.7326.33195.48317.86Export (in Million dollars)1997-9847.4732.47107.77293.8420.38190.26281.421997-98(Jul-Dec)40.8419.7285.59227.4416.87138.43207.721998-9936.3615.0047.77202.0715.96124.03211.66Source: Bangladesh Economic Survey, 1999, MOF, Govt. of Bangladesh.2.3 Maize and Other Coarse GrainsMaize is now considered as a substitute for both rice and wheat since it can be grownin all seasons. From maize one may get food, oil, fuel, fodder and feed. The present yieldpotential is too low. It can be increased to the level of HYV wheat provided hybrid varietiesare used, adequate demand is created, and fair prices to the growers can be ensured. Thegenetic yield potential of maize is very high. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI) has already developed five high yielding medium duration maize varieties with grainyield potential of 5-7 Mt/hectare, suitable for flood prone areas. The maize production isplanned to increase by 250 percent to 12,500 Mt in 2001/2002 from the benchmarkproduction of about 5,000 Mt. Besides maize, other coarse grains consisting of barley,sorghum, bajra, and millets have considerable importance from the point of use of waterresources and development of agro-industries. Considering the increased importance of theseminor crops as supplementary food, cattle feed, and industrial raw materials, an increasedproduction programme for these crops will be taken up during the Fifth Plan period, usinghybrids.2.4 Horticultural Crops, Pulses and OilseedsThe environment in Bangladesh is quite rich for the production of a large variety offruits and vegetables. Some fruits such as mango, banana, pineapple, jackfruit, etc., haveworld demand. The main problem of fruit production is its seasonal nature. Year-roundproduction varieties have yet to be evolved. Special efforts will be made during the FifthPlan to produce at least major fruits and vegetables on a year-round basis and commercializetheir production through appropriate research and development programmes. At the sametime, emphasis will be given on the qualitative and quantitative improvement of variousfruits and vegetables production, including production of mushrooms, flowers, orchids andshrubs, etc. Production of fruits and vegetables has been projected to be 3.54 million Mt and1.82 million Mt, respectively, by the end of the Plan period.11
Potato: Potato is suitable as a security crop in times of rice shortages due to its highcarbohydrate content contributing to improved food security. It is also used as a vegetable byvarious income groups of the country. Since it is a short duration crop, its increased use canreduce the pressure on rice and wheat. Considering the production potential of the crop,potato production is projected to grow to 2.43 million Mt in 2001/2002. The increasedproduction is expected to come from expansion in cropped area and increase in yield perhectare. To this end, true potato seed technology will be encouraged and adopted.Sweet potato: Sweet potato is considered as a subsistence as well as a poor people's food.Hence, its production will be encouraged on marginal lands, homestead areas, roadsides andelsewhere as a low input crop to ensure its continued availability to, and affordability by lowincome consumers. Sweet potato production is projected to be 0.66 million Mt in theterminal year of the Fifth Plan.Pulses: The pulses of Bangladesh comprise of six major crops, namely, lentil, khesari,blackgram, mungbean, chickpea and pigeon pea. Cowpea occupies an important place in theChittagong area. The cropped area and production of these pulses have been on the declineover the past few years mainly because of the increased emphasis on HYV rice and wheat.But pulses are very important because of their protein supply to the human diet and nitrogenfixation for soil nutrition. Since improved technology can increase per hectare yield of pulsessubstantially, pulse production is projected to grow to 0.85 million Mt in the terminal year ofthe Plan as against the benchmark production of 0.53 million Mt.Oilseeds: Vegetable oil from oilseeds is the main sources of fats in the average Bangladeshidiet. Its present level of consumption is only 25 percent of the FAO/WHO recommendedlevel. Efforts will be made to increase oilseeds production to 0.76 million Mt by the terminalyear of the Fifth Plan. Groundnut, sunflower and soybean have been included in thisprojected production. New seed varieties are being used in the defined area to avoid crosspollination.Production of foundation and certified seeds of improved varieties anddemonstrations of modern technology are important strategies to increase oilseedsproduction of the country.2.5 Cash Crop Production during the Fifth Five Year PlanJute: Jute is the major fibre crop of the country. Despite the relative decline in importanceof jute in agriculture, potential still exists for the fibre to increase its contribution to theeconomy through productivity increases and diversification. The share of raw jute and jutegoods in the total exports of the country has been declining but still remains significant. Inthis situation, special measures will be taken during the Plan period to encourage farmers tofurther intensify jute production in order to satisfy domestic and export demand. To enablejute to compete with synthetics, emphasis will be given to related agricultural andtechnological research efforts. The raw jute production is projected to go up to 7.24 millionbales in 2001/2002 as against 4.87 million bales in 1996/97 through per hectare yieldincrease, availability of better quality seeds, and improved provision of extension and creditsupport to growers.Tea: Tea is one of the most dynamic agro-based, labour intensive, export oriented industriesof Bangladesh. It plays a vital role in the national economy in both export earnings as well asin employment generation. Plantation and production of processed tea are the two mainactivities in the private sector. In the public sector, green leaf production was promoted12
Page 2 and 3: RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
Page 4 and 5: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
Page 6 and 7: 13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
Page 8 and 9: INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
Page 10 and 11: New opportunities that would benefi
Page 12 and 13: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
Page 14 and 15: (CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
Page 16 and 17: SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
Page 20 and 21: through development projects implem
Page 22 and 23: y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
Page 24 and 25: cropping. This has only been possib
Page 26 and 27: process and export those labour int
Page 28 and 29: g) restoration/improvement of soil
Page 30 and 31: 8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
Page 32 and 33: enthusiasm of the farmers in their
Page 34 and 35: 3.3 The Formation and Development o
Page 36 and 37: carried out for years, guarantees t
Page 38 and 39: environment protection. Special att
Page 40 and 41: 2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
Page 42 and 43: What is most notable is the change
Page 44 and 45: 8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
Page 46 and 47: fact that the area shares of the do
Page 48 and 49: country. Therefore, a judicious use
Page 50 and 51: 5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
Page 52 and 53: 7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
Page 54 and 55: Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
Page 56 and 57: Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
Page 58 and 59: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
Page 60 and 61: production, these ratios were deter
Page 62 and 63: soybean using paddy fields should c
Page 64 and 65: food industry have sharply increase
Page 66 and 67: 7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
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Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
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Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
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The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
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About 78 percent of the rubber grow
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should be attractive to justify the
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REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
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Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
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Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
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Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
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Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
Page 90 and 91:
We know hill farmers face many prob
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Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
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3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
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With regard to success stories of c
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5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
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It recognizes the need for a differ
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
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2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
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In coconut, diversification means t
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were used in the preparation of the
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There are a variety of factors that
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Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
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Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
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Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
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Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
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1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
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Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
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drained and rice on poorly drained
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Figure 3. Schematic Representation
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The potato production in the up cou
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Table 6 clearly shows that there is
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In addition to the above scenario,
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6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
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Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
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y promoting diversified crops inste
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Over the past few years, agricultur
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Land TenureMore than half of the Th
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The New theory is a novel approach
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Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
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- Farmers can sell their rice at a
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In order to maintain the growth rat
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REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
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3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
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the contour with mulching using ric
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development of new crop varieties a
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• Cultivated and growing area und
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other hand, the size of an average
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4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
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increased from 130 million ha to 15
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in tobacco nurseries. These also he
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past experience. A sustainable prog
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diversification, taking into accoun
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The major outputs are:- Integration
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• Database and information materi
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• Business plans have been formul
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minimize such losses. The developme
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
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SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
Page 188 and 189:
FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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