Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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g) restoration/improvement of soil fertility through better management of the organicmatter of soil to improve yields of crops; towards this end, production and use of biomanurewill be encouraged;h) assistance to small and marginal farmers in forming groups and associations whichcan i) enhance production and productivity, ii) sustain agro-business enterprises ontheir own, iii) absorb more credit fund, and iv) adopt/disseminate technologies;i) participation of NGOs in the agricultural development process;j) improvement and conservation of plant genetic resources through collection andconservation of germplasm;k) facilitation of access to markets and promotion of efficient marketing system;l) formulation of integrated land use policy conductive to optimum use of agriculturalresources;m) implementation of measures to cushion and minimize the damage to agriculture andrural economy brought about by natural calamities;n) development of capabilities of rural women and the youth to contribute more toagricultural and rural development;o) restructuring of the existing institutional setup to cope with the changed need;p) development of human resources through education, training skill empowerment andmotivation;q) development and dissemination of appropriate location-specific and cost-reducingproduction and post-harvest technologies for reduction of post-harvest losses and theremoval of transport bottlenecks; andr) adoption of policies and regulations that will ensure sustainable agriculturaldevelopment.6.2 Major Areas of Public Sector Promotional ActivitiesThe crop production strategy of Bangladesh will be based on the following centralthrusts: a) increased distribution of high quality HYV seeds by the public sector; b)accelerated transformation into irrigated agriculture to increase and stabilize crop yields; c)sustainable intensification of the cropping systems; d) decreased dependence on draughtpower through mechanization and bridging of the yield gaps in irrigated areas; e)improvement of productivity and minimization of production risks in the rainfed, wetland,high land and coastal farming system; f) diversification of farming systems to take advantageof favourable agro-ecological conditions; g) responding to changing consumer demands anddeveloping a more sustainable agricultural system; h) vertical coordination of the production,harvesting and marketing chain; and i) strengthening of extension, research and other supportservices.With the adoption of technologically advantageous HYVs of rice and wheat, foodproduction increased on the one hand, but on the other hand, the decline in minor food cropproduction resulted in malnutrition causing considerable damage to the health and survival ofthe most vulnerable group. In order to have a healthy nation for quick and sustainedeconomic growth, the government has taken up the Crop Diversification Programme forbalancing major crop production with minor crop production. The increased production andintake of minor crops has a tremendous potential to alleviate nutritional deficiencies.Besides, crop rotation - exhaustive crops followed by recuperative crops, shallow rootedcrops by deep-rooted crops, legume followed by non-legume etc., enrich/maintain soilfertility. They are also cheap sources of protein and calories. The poor farmer can cultivate21
these crops after harvesting the major crops. Awareness building and enthusiasm have madethe farmers believe that crop diversification is an effective means to improve theperformance of those crops that have potentials to improve the nutritional status of food andsoil fertility. Apart from their impact on CDP, the Government has taken the followingstrategies to reduce the dependence on rice cultivation and also to realize the full potentialsfor agricultural growth in the country:- The unexploited but potential areas for specific crops under CDP will be broughtunder cultivation, where feasible and possible, with improved technologies in aphased manner.- The promotion support programmes to commercial production will be encouraged toadopt those crops or crop varieties which are highly profitable and remunerative andwhich are import substituting and export-oriented.- Farmers’ location-specific, innovative technologies applicable to other similar areaswill be transferred and incorporated in specific crop production programmes.- Research on CDP crops, particularly pulses, oilseeds and vegetables will bestrengthened to produce double cropped and double seasoned variety of pulses andoilseeds. This will help reduce importation of oilseeds and pulses and save hardearnedforeign exchange, to a great extent.7. CONCLUSIONSThe introduction of CDP in the agriculture sector has created an awareness among thefarmers to grow and consume a variety of crops like pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits,spices, etc. Certain pulses such as chickpea, field pea, mungbean and lentil producereasonably good yields with better management including irrigation, fertilization and weedcontrol. The profit gained from these crops is higher than that of HYV rice and wheat. Thefarmers’ awareness about the production of vegetables in recent years is better than in thepast because of the provision of promotional support to produce more vegetables. The cropswith moderately improved varieties are showing good response provided improved varietiesand cultural practices are adopted. The HYVs of crops like potato, tomato, beans, mustard,sunflower, watermelon and banana are giving maximum yield when provided with irrigation,fertilization and better management. The promotion programme is being extended to spicesand some country vegetables and fruits that do not have HYV, but do have high comparativeprofitability and incentives for the farmers. The stable and productive land under Deep TubeWell (DTW) and Shallow Tube Well (STW) command areas are being used for minor cropsthrough creating awareness among the farmers.As crop diversification is believed to be an effective means for improving theperformance of agriculture in Bangladesh, so the future directions are formulated based onthe assumptions that: (a) there would be more technological advancement of crop production,(b) more area would be brought under irrigation, (c) farmers would use improved varietiesand apply improved agronomic management practices, (d) there would be increased use offertilizer, (e) the IPM concept would be popularized among the farmers, (f) more cropswould be grown to increase cropping intensity, (g) flood control and drainage projects wouldresult in more lands free from risk and facilitate crop production, (h) there would bemarketing improvement for internal and export demand, and (i) there would be moreselective small farm mechanization, particularly in land preparation and also in harvesting torelease land quickly for planting the next crops by reducing the turn-around time.22
Page 2 and 3: RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
Page 4 and 5: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
Page 6 and 7: 13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
Page 8 and 9: INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
Page 10 and 11: New opportunities that would benefi
Page 12 and 13: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
Page 14 and 15: (CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
Page 16 and 17: SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
Page 18 and 19: Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
Page 20 and 21: through development projects implem
Page 22 and 23: y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
Page 24 and 25: cropping. This has only been possib
Page 26 and 27: process and export those labour int
Page 30 and 31: 8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
Page 32 and 33: enthusiasm of the farmers in their
Page 34 and 35: 3.3 The Formation and Development o
Page 36 and 37: carried out for years, guarantees t
Page 38 and 39: environment protection. Special att
Page 40 and 41: 2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
Page 42 and 43: What is most notable is the change
Page 44 and 45: 8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
Page 46 and 47: fact that the area shares of the do
Page 48 and 49: country. Therefore, a judicious use
Page 50 and 51: 5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
Page 52 and 53: 7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
Page 54 and 55: Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
Page 56 and 57: Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
Page 58 and 59: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
Page 60 and 61: production, these ratios were deter
Page 62 and 63: soybean using paddy fields should c
Page 64 and 65: food industry have sharply increase
Page 66 and 67: 7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
Page 68 and 69: Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
Page 70 and 71: Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
Page 72 and 73: The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
Page 74 and 75: About 78 percent of the rubber grow
Page 76 and 77: should be attractive to justify the
Page 78 and 79:
REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
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Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
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Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
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Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
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Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
Page 90 and 91:
We know hill farmers face many prob
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Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
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3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
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With regard to success stories of c
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5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
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It recognizes the need for a differ
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
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2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
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In coconut, diversification means t
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were used in the preparation of the
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There are a variety of factors that
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Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
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Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
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Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
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Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
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1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
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Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
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drained and rice on poorly drained
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Figure 3. Schematic Representation
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The potato production in the up cou
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Table 6 clearly shows that there is
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In addition to the above scenario,
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6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
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Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
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y promoting diversified crops inste
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Over the past few years, agricultur
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Land TenureMore than half of the Th
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The New theory is a novel approach
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Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
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- Farmers can sell their rice at a
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In order to maintain the growth rat
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REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
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3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
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the contour with mulching using ric
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development of new crop varieties a
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• Cultivated and growing area und
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other hand, the size of an average
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4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
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increased from 130 million ha to 15
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in tobacco nurseries. These also he
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past experience. A sustainable prog
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diversification, taking into accoun
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The major outputs are:- Integration
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• Database and information materi
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• Business plans have been formul
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minimize such losses. The developme
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
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SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
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FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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