Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific region - United Nations in ...

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In order to maintain the growth rate in the agricultural sector, to increase thecapability in export competitiveness of agricultural products to foreign markets, to acceleratedomestic production for import substitution, to create jobs in rural areas to absorbunemployed workers and to prepare for global climate change, the Ministry of Agricultureand Cooperatives (MOAC) has adjusted its action plan for implementation in the last periodof the 8 th National Economic and Social Development Plan to include the following: 1)restructuring of the agricultural sector; 2) increasing in production efficiency and reductionof production costs; 3) improvement of products quality and processing; 4) restructuring ofthe MOAC; 5) promotion of rural savings; 6) management of chemical fertilizers and otheragricultural chemicals; 7) management of forest, soil, water, coastal areas, and biologicalresources; 8) preparation for global climate change; and 9) preparation for the 21 st Century.With regard to the adjustment of the MOAC’s roles and functions, the Department ofAgricultural Extension (DOAE) has therefore been tasked to be a core agency to transferagricultural technology (crop, animal raising, and fisheries) and to provide agriculturalinformation services to farmers on a basis of one-stop service. By this means, farmers canbring the gained knowledge, experiences and skills to engage in their farming occupation tothe extent that they can be self-reliant and can increase production efficiency at communitylevel. This results in farmers’ income generating, the improvement of the quality of life, thedevelopment of capability of local communities in making their own decisions, analyzingproblems, participating in production, processing and marketing processes as well asmanaging national resources and environment which will lead to sustainable agriculturaldevelopment.Measures to Support Farmers to be Self-reliant• Encourage local organizations and farmers to be able to analyze and draw up their ownfarm production plan at community level with the technical and information supportfrom the extension agents.• Assist small farmers and those who stay in the state’s allocated land to produce food forhousehold consumption by adopting integrated farming, the “New Theory” ofagricultural development and other alternative agriculture so as to reduce marketingrisks and high cost of production arising from imported production inputs.• Encourage farmers’ institutions or local communities to lessen the dependence uponexternal funds and promote rural savings as internal funds, instead. This fund will beused for improvement of production efficiency, support of processing and agroindustriesor downstream agro-industries towards the production of value-addedproducts. In addition, another fund will be set up to assist farmers and farmers’institutions in marketing aspects.• Support farmers’ institutions and local organizations to provide services in acquiringplanting materials, breeding animals, and production inputs which are of good qualityand of fair prices to farmers.• Promote agricultural processing at household level to increase value of the products anddevelop a wide variety of product types to meet market demand.143
• Support the establishment of local markets as places for purchasing and sellingagricultural products in each locality.• Enhance the setting-up of agricultural product storage at local level and accelerate theutilization of the existing ones so that the products can be gradually supplied to themarkets according to the periodic demand.• Promote backyard vegetable and native vegetable production sufficient for householdand local consumption.10. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSIt is envisaged that the production structure in the agricultural sector as well as infarm households has changed in line with the changing economic situation. Moreover,during the past few years problems such as water shortage for agriculture and low price forrice were prevailing. Therefore, the government’s policy emphasized restructuring theagriculture production system in line with availability of natural resources, market demandand readiness of farmers by a) introducing other promising crops in substitution for thesecond rice crop and b) replacing rice with more remunerative commodities in areasunsuitable for rice cultivation.The following are some general recommendations:• The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC) must support and strengthencoordination among government officers in terms of budgetary and technical matters,as well as work benefits. Further, they should coordinate their work in adjusting landmodels for production systems within diversified cropping systems.• The Government and/or financial institutions must set up available funds, so that longtermagricultural credit can be provided to build up diversified cropping systems withlow interest rates for farmers, in line with their production plan. This will helpgenerate quick returns from their activities.• The Government must assist landless farmers in acquiring land in special areas in orderfor these farmers to make a living in agriculture. Furthermore, assistance must begiven regarding models of production and related production inputs. The productionmodels should be geared towards crop diversification.• Local communities and farmer organizations should be assisted in production techniques,management, buying and selling of agricultural inputs and produce as well as incontract farming, so these organizations can function as centres for production andmarketing services.However, crop diversification programmes need a lot of investment. The majorpolicies are: to have available credit systems, manage land reform and infrastructuredevelopment, and disseminate agricultural technologies and marketing information tofarmers.144
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RAP PUBLICATION: 2001/03CROP DIVERS
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THEASIA-PAC
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13. INTENSIFICATION OF CROP DIVERSI
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INTRODUCTORY REMARKSMinas K. Papade
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New opportunities that would benefi
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESHM
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(CDP) during 1990/95 in 125 Thanas
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SlName of Crops1 Aus:HYVLocalTable
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Table 4. Trade of Crops/products (I
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through development projects implem
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y the terminal year of the Fifth Pl
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cropping. This has only been possib
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process and export those labour int
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g) restoration/improvement of soil
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8. RECOMMENDATIONSConsidering the i
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enthusiasm of the farmers in their
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3.3 The Formation and Development o
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carried out for years, guarantees t
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environment protection. Special att
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2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS SC
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What is most notable is the change
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8.36 m/ha involved in the area shif
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fact that the area shares of the do
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country. Therefore, a judicious use
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5.3 Emerging Technology and Crop Di
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7. CONCLUSIONSIndia, being a vast c
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Table 3. All India: Temporal Change
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Table 5. All India: Temporal Change
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN JAPANMasa I
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production, these ratios were deter
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soybean using paddy fields should c
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food industry have sharply increase
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7. CONCLUSIONSThe Japanese socio-ec
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Figure 2. Change of Rice Productivi
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Figure 4. Aid Provided by Major Cou
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The Natural Rubber (NR) industry co
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About 78 percent of the rubber grow
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should be attractive to justify the
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REFERENCESAnon. 1990. Proceedings o
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Table 3. Agriculture Land Use in Sa
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Table 7. Paddy Production, 1985-199
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Table 10. Imports and Exports of Fr
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Table 14. Exports and Imports of Pr
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CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN NEPALK. C.
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We know hill farmers face many prob
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Table 2. Growth of Agricultural Com
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3. PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATIONN
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With regard to success stories of c
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5. CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PR
Page 100 and 101: It recognizes the need for a differ
Page 102 and 103: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE PHILIPP
Page 104 and 105: 2.3 Yield Per Hectare of Agricultur
Page 106 and 107: In coconut, diversification means t
Page 108 and 109: were used in the preparation of the
Page 110 and 111: There are a variety of factors that
Page 112 and 113: Table 1. Production Area of Commerc
Page 114 and 115: Table 3. Yield (tonnes) Per Hectare
Page 116 and 117: Table 5. Selected Macroeconomic and
Page 118 and 119: Table 7. Dominant Rice Cropping Pat
Page 120 and 121: 1.2 Soils in the Crop Diversificati
Page 122 and 123: Table 1. Major Crops, Their Extents
Page 124 and 125: drained and rice on poorly drained
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3. Schematic Representation
Page 128 and 129: The potato production in the up cou
Page 130 and 131: Table 6 clearly shows that there is
Page 132 and 133: In addition to the above scenario,
Page 134 and 135: 6. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGI
Page 136 and 137: Panabokke, C.R. 1996. Soils and agr
Page 138 and 139: y promoting diversified crops inste
Page 140 and 141: Over the past few years, agricultur
Page 142 and 143: Land TenureMore than half of the Th
Page 144 and 145: The New theory is a novel approach
Page 146 and 147: Mushrooms: nang-fah mushroom (Pleur
Page 148 and 149: - Farmers can sell their rice at a
Page 152 and 153: REFERENCESAthipanan, Withaya. 1995.
Page 154 and 155: CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAMNgu
Page 156 and 157: 3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
Page 158 and 159: the contour with mulching using ric
Page 160 and 161: development of new crop varieties a
Page 162 and 163: • Cultivated and growing area und
Page 164 and 165: other hand, the size of an average
Page 166 and 167: 4.1 Crop NutritionA major contribut
Page 168 and 169: increased from 130 million ha to 15
Page 170 and 171: in tobacco nurseries. These also he
Page 172 and 173: past experience. A sustainable prog
Page 174 and 175: diversification, taking into accoun
Page 176 and 177: The major outputs are:- Integration
Page 178 and 179: • Database and information materi
Page 180 and 181: • Business plans have been formul
Page 182 and 183: minimize such losses. The developme
Page 184 and 185: LIST OF PARTICIPANTSBANGLADESHM. En
Page 186 and 187: SRI LANKAH.P.M. GunasenaDirectorPos
Page 188 and 189: FAOR.B. SinghAssistant Director-Gen
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