Biofuel co-products as livestock feed - Opportunities and challenges

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Utilization of crude glycerin in beef cattle 159PERFORMANCE OF CATTLE SUPPLEMENTEDCRUDE GLYCERINUse of glycerin as a component of cattle diets has beenthe subject of several recently published studies conductedin Europe, North America and Latin America. Pyatt, Doaneand Cecava (2007) fed 0 or 10 percent crude glycerin indiets that were either 70 percent rolled maize with 10 percentdistiller’s grains, or 35 percent rolled maize with30 percent distiller’s grains and 15 percent soybean hulls.Glycerin decreased dry matter intake by approximately10 percent, but improved conversion efficiency by 19 percent.Similarly, in a study by van Cleef et al. (2011b),feeding 7.5 or 15% glycerin to finishing cattle depressedfeed intake, but improved efficiency of gain (P
160Biofuel co-products as livestock feed – Opportunities and challengesgrowing period remained more efficient when fed dietswithout glycerin in the subsequent finishing phase. Thefinishing diets in this study comprised (dry basis) 30 percentmaize gluten feed, 10 percent maize silage, dry-rolledmaize and supplement. Maize gluten feed, which is aby-product of maize refining for production of sweeteners,contains appreciable amounts of glycerin. Wu (1996)determined that glycerol content of maize gluten feedwas approximately 4.9 percent of dry weight. We havespeculated that the carryover effect observed in the studyby Aperce et al. (2011b) may reflect adaptation to glycerinby ruminal microorganisms, which when presented as aconstituent of maize gluten feed is more readily fermented,as seen in the in vitro experiments conducted by van Cleefet al. (2011a). Interestingly, distillers grain, which is theprincipal by-product produced during fermentation ofcereal grains for production of alcoholic beverages or fuelethanol, also contain appreciable quantities of glycerol. Wehave measured levels of 10 percent or more of dry weightas glycerin, which is consistent with values reported by Wu(1994). In our experiments we have observed that relativelysmall quantities of glycerin can impair fibre digestion,though this effect seems less apparent in diets containingdistiller’s grain. This may be due to the fact that the glycerinthat is an inherent component of distillers grain has itselfsuppressed fibre digestion, such that further additions ofglycerin to the diet have only modest impact.The ability to affect specific populations of gastrointestinaltract microorganisms may have other applicationsin cattle production systems, including control of food-bornepathogens. We previously reported that distillers grain,which now is used extensively in food animal productionsystems throughout North America, may increase sheddingof food-borne pathogens, namely E. coli O157:H7 (Jacobet al., 2008a, b, 2009). This may be a direct effect wherebysome component of distillers grain stimulates growthof E. coli O157:H7, or indirectly as a result of substrateavailability or other factors that influence competitivenessof the pathogen in the hind gut. In a recent study reportedby Aperce et al. (2011a), the percentage of cattle testingpositive for E. coli O157:H7 in faeces was decreased from5.8 percent in cattle fed diets without glycerin, to 4.3and 2.4 percent for cattle diets containing 4 or 8 percentglycerin, respectively (Linear, P
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BIOFUEL CO-PRODUCTS AS LIVESTOCK FE
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Recommended citationFAO. 2012. Biof
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vco-products to swine - Feeding cru
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viiCHAPTER 22Use of Pongamia glabra
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ixPrefaceHumans are faced with majo
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xiiCBMCBSCCDSCCKCDOCDSCFCFBCFRCGECI
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xivHCHOHClHCNHisH-JPKMHMCHPDDGHPDDG
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xviPPbPCVPDPEMPFADPhePJPKCPKEPKMPKO
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xviiiWBPWCGFWDGWDGSWDGSHWPCWTWWWNSK
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2Biofuel co-products as livestock f
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10Biofuel co-products as livestock
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35Chapter 3Impact of United States
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Impact of United States biofuels co
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101Chapter 6Hydrogen sulphide: synt
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Hydrogen sulphide in cattle fed co-
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209Chapter 11Co-products from biofu
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Co-products from biofuel production
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275Chapter 15Sustainable and compet
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Sustainable and competitive use of
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291Chapter 16Scope for utilizing su
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Scope for utilizing sugar cane baga
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303Chapter 17Camelina sativa in pou
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Camelina sativa in poultry diets: o
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311Chapter 18Utilization of lipid c
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Utilization of lipid co-products of
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351Chapter 21Use of detoxified jatr
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Use of detoxified jatropha kernel m
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379Chapter 22Use of Pongamia glabra
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Use of Pongamia glabra (karanj) and
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403Chapter 23Co-products of the Uni
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Co-products of the United States bi
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467Chapter 26An assessment of the p
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An assessment of the potential dema
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483Chapter 27Biofuels: their co-pro
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Biofuels: their co-products and wat
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501Chapter 28Utilization of co-prod
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Utilization of co-products of the b
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523Contributing authorsSouheila Abb
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Contributing authors 525for the Fee
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Contributing authors 527Friederike
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Contributing authors 529Sustainable
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Contributing authors 531During the
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Contributing authors 533(Hons.) and
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