Biofuel co-products as livestock feed - Opportunities and challenges

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Camelina sativa in poultry diets: opportunities and challengesy 309in comparing results obtained from different locations andlaboratories. Feed represents over 65 percent of the cost ofpoultry production. Using co-products from biofuel production,such as camelina meal, can reduce feed cost whilepromoting environmental equilibrium and sustainability.Studies conducted on feeding camelina meal to broilersand egg laying hens show that the meal can be includedin broiler and layer diets up to 10 percent without compromisingbird performance, while potentially increasing theomega-3 fatty acid content 3-fold in the meat and 8-foldin eggs. In addition, dietary camelina meal at 10 percentled to significant reduction in lipid oxidation products andan improvement in γ-tocopherol content and antioxidantactivity in the dark meat. The increase in omega-3 fattyacids and tocopherols of eggs and meat will be beneficialto human nutrition as poultry products are the major sourceof animal protein around the world. The research resultsobtained will increase the market value of the crop becausemeal is the by-product of oil extraction and accounts for 70to 80 percent of the oilseed harvest. Therefore, finding theoptimum level of camelina meal in poultry diets withoutaffecting bird performance, health, product quality andsensory characteristics will reduce food production costwhile achieving greater independence of food supply.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSFinancial support was received from an Oregon StateUniversity Agriculture Research Foundation award. Camelinameal was supplied by Willamette Biomass Processors, Inc,Rickreall, Oregon, United States. The laboratory assistanceof Nathalie Quezada (Oregon State University) and AbeerAziza (visiting scientist, Mansoura University, Egypt) aregratefully acknowledged.BIBLIOGRAPHYAcamovic, T., Gilbert, C., Lamb, K. & Walker, K.C. 1999.Nutritive value of Camelina sativa meal for poultry. BritishPoultry Science, 40(5): S27–S41.Ajuyah, A.O., Lee, K.H., Hardin, R.T. & Sim, J.S. 1991.Changes in the yield and in fatty acid composition of wholecarcass and skeletal meat portions of broiler chickens fedfull-fat oil seeds. Poultry Science, 70: 2304–2314.Aziza, A.E., Quezada, N. & Cherian, G. 2010a. FeedingCamelina sativa meal to meat-type chickens: Effect onproduction performance and tissue fatty acid composition.Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 19: 157–168.Aziza, A.E., Quezada, N. & Cherian, G. 2010b. Antioxidativeeffect of dietary Camelina meal in fresh, stored or cookedbroiler chicken meat. Poultry Science, 89: 2711–2718.Barceló-Coblijn, G. & Murphy, J. 2009. Alpha-linolenic acidand its conversion to longer chain n-3 fatty acids: Benefitsfor human health and a role in maintaining tissue n-3 fattyacid levels. Progress in Lipid Research, 48: 355–374.Bean, L.D. & Leeson, S. 2003. Long-term effects of feedingflax seed on performance and egg fatty acid composition ofbrown and white hens. Poultry Science, 82: 388–394.Budin, J.T., Breene, W.M. & Putnam, H.D. 1995. Somecompositional properties of camelina (Camelina sativa L.Crantz) seeds and oils. Journal of the American Oil ChemistsSociety, 72: 309–315.Cherian, G. 2002. Lipid modification strategies and nutritionallyfunctional poultry foods. pp. 77–82, in: T. Nakano and L.Ozimek (editors). Food Science and Product Technology.Research Sign Post, Trivandrum, India.Cherian, G. 2008. Omega-3 fatty acids: studies in avians.pp. 169–178, in: F. De Meester and R.R. Watson (editors).Wild-Type Food in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention:The Columbus ® Concept. Humana Press/Springer.Cherian, G. 2009. Eggs and health: nutrient sources andsupplement carriers. pp. 333–346, in: R.R. Watson (editor).Complementary and Alternative Therapies and the AgingPopulation. Academic Press.Cherian, G., Campbell, A. & Parker, T. 2009. Egg quality andlipid composition of eggs from hens fed Camelina sativa.Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 18: 143–150.Frame, D.D. & Petersen, M.B. 2007. Use of Camelina sativain the diets of young turkeys. Journal of Applied PoultryResearch, 16: 381–386.Gonzalez, R. & Leeson, S. 2001. Alternatives for enrichmentof eggs and chicken meat with omega-3 fatty acids.Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 81: 295–305.Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau, A., Kokkonen, T., Lampi,A-M., Toivonen, V., Shingfield, K.J. & Vanhatalo,A. 2011. Effect of plant oils and camelina expeller onmilk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed dietsbased on red clover silage. Journal of Dairy Science,94: 4413–4430.Hurtaud, C. & Peyraud, J.L. 2007. Effects of feeding camelina(seeds or meal) on milk fatty acid composition and butterspreadability. Journal of Dairy Science, 90: 5134–5145.Min, B.R. & Ahn, D.U. 2005. Mechanism of lipid peroxidationin meat and meat products: A review. Journal of FoodScience and Biotechnology, 14: 152–163.Moriel, P., Nayigihugu, V., Cappellozza, B.I., Gonçalves,E.P., Krall, J.M., Foulke, T., Cammack, K.M. &. Hess,B.W. 2011. Camelina meal and crude glycerin as feedsupplements for developing replacement beef heifers.Journal of Animal Science, 89(12): 4314–4324.Palmquist, D.L. 2009. Omega-3 fatty acids in metabolism,health, and nutrition and for modified animal product foods.Profesional Animal Scientist, 25: 207–249.Pekel, Y., Patterson, P.H., Hulet, R.M., Acar, N., Cravener,T.L., Dowler, D.B. & Hunter, J.M. 2009. Dietary camelinameal versus flaxseed with and without supplemental copperfor broiler chickens: Live performance and processing yield.Poultry Science, 88: 2392–2398.
310Biofuel co-products as livestock feed – Opportunities and challengesPilgeram, A.L., Sands, D.C., Boss, D., Dale, N., Wichman,D., Lamb, P., Lu, C., Barrows, R., Kirkpatrick, M.,Thompson, B. & Johnson, D.L. 2007. Camelina sativa, aMontana omega-3 fuel crop. pp. 129–131, in: J. Janick andA. Whipkey (editors). Issues in New Crops and New Uses.ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA, USA.Putnam, D.H., Budin, J.T., Filed, L.A. & Breene, W.M. 1993.Camelina: A promising low-input oil seed. pp. 314–322, in:J. Janick and J.E. Simon (editors). New Crops. Wiley, NewYork, USA.Rokka, T., Alen, K., Valaja, J. & Ryhanen, E.L. 2002. Theeffect of Camelina sativa enriched diet on the compositionand sensory quality of hen eggs. Food Research International,35: 253–256.Ryhanen, E.L., Perttila, S., Tupasela, T., Valaja, J., Eriksson,C. & Larkka, K. 2007. Effect of Camelina sativa expellercake on performance and meat quality of broilers. Journal ofthe Science of Food and Agriculture, 87: 1489–1494.Rymer, C. & Givens, I.D. 2005. n-3 Fatty acid enrichment ofedible tissues of poultry: A review. Lipids, 40: 121–130.Schuster, A. & Friedt, W. 1998. Glucosinolate content andcomposition as parameters of quality of Camelina seed.Industrial Crops Production, 7: 297–302.Szumacher-Strabel, M., Cieslak, A., Zmora, P., Pers-Kamczyc, E., Bielinska, S., Staniszb, M. & Wójtowski,J. 2011. Camelina sativa cake improved unsaturated fattyacids in ewe’s milk. Journal of the Science of Food andAgriculture, 91: 2031–2037.
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BIOFUEL CO-PRODUCTS AS LIVESTOCK FE
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Recommended citationFAO. 2012. Biof
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vco-products to swine - Feeding cru
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viiCHAPTER 22Use of Pongamia glabra
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ixPrefaceHumans are faced with majo
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xiiCBMCBSCCDSCCKCDOCDSCFCFBCFRCGECI
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xivHCHOHClHCNHisH-JPKMHMCHPDDGHPDDG
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2Biofuel co-products as livestock f
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10Biofuel co-products as livestock
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35Chapter 3Impact of United States
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Impact of United States biofuels co
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101Chapter 6Hydrogen sulphide: synt
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Hydrogen sulphide in cattle fed co-
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155Chapter 8Utilization of crude gl
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Utilization of crude glycerin in be
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209Chapter 11Co-products from biofu
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Co-products from biofuel production
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379Chapter 22Use of Pongamia glabra
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Use of Pongamia glabra (karanj) and
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403Chapter 23Co-products of the Uni
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Co-products of the United States bi
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467Chapter 26An assessment of the p
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An assessment of the potential dema
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483Chapter 27Biofuels: their co-pro
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Biofuels: their co-products and wat
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501Chapter 28Utilization of co-prod
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523Contributing authorsSouheila Abb
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Contributing authors 525for the Fee
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Contributing authors 527Friederike
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Contributing authors 529Sustainable
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Contributing authors 531During the
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Contributing authors 533(Hons.) and
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