Biofuel co-products as livestock feed - Opportunities and challenges

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Use of detoxified jatropha kernel meal and protein isolate in diets of farm animals 373level of 1.5 percent of the DJKM, H-JPKM and DJPI (w/w)inclusion in the diet to compensate for the deficiency. DJKM and H-JPKM contain approximately 9–10 percentphytate, which is almost 3-fold that in SBM. To mitigateits effect, add 1500 FTU phytase per kg of diet (Kumaret al., 2011f). Detoxified jatropha kernel meal-, H-JPKM- and DJPIbaseddiets could be fed to fish at 5 times maintenancerequirements. Single maintenance requirement equals3.2 g feed/kg metabolic body mass (kg 0.8 ) per day.Shrimp (juveniles, >10 g) should be fed 3-4 percent ofthe total body weight per day.POTENTIAL CHALLENGES IN USING DETOXIFIEDKERNEL MEAL AND DETOXIFIED PROTEINISOLATE FROM JATROPHA CURCAS IN FEEDS Inadequately heated jatropha kernel meal that containssignificant amounts of trypsin inhibitor and lectin couldreduce the performance of monogastric animals. Similarly,inadequately detoxified material containing phorbolesters could cause adverse effects. Phorbol esters mustbe below the detectable limit (
374Biofuel co-products as livestock feed – Opportunities and challengesAkiyama, D.M. & Tan, R.K.H. (editors). 1991. Proceedings ofthe Aquaculture Feed Processing and Nutrition Workshop,Thailand and Indonesia, 19–25 September. AmericanSoybean Association. 241 p.Alarcon, F.J., Moyano, F.J. & Diaz, M. 1999. Effect ofinhibitors present in protein sources on digestive proteasesof juvenile sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquatic LivestockResearch, 12: 233–238.Ali, N., Kurchania, A.K. & Babel, S. 2010. Bio-methanisationof Jatropha curcas defatted waste. Journal of Engineeringand Technology Research, 2(3): 38–43.Belewu, M.A., Muhammed, N.O., Ajayi, F.T. & Abdulgafar,D.T. 2009. Performance characteristics of goat fedTrichoderma-treated feather meal-rice husk mixture. AnimalNutrition and Feed Technology, 9: 203–208.Belewu, M.A., Belewu, K.Y. & Ogunsola, F.O. 2010.Nutritive value of dietary fungi-treated Jatropha curcaskernel cake: Voluntary intake, growth and digestibilitycoefficient of goat. Agriculture and Biology Journal of NorthAmerica, 1(2): 135–138.Bjerkeng, B., Refstie, S., Fjalestad, K.T., Storebakken, T.,Rodbotten, M. & Roem, A.J. 1997. Quality parameters ofthe flesh of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as affected by dietaryfat content and full-fat soybean meal as a partial substitutefor fishmeal in the diet. Aquaculture, 157: 297–309.Best, P. 2011. World Feed Panorama: Expensive grainslows industry expansion. Feed International, Jan.–Feb.2011: 10–12.Blaxhall, P.C. & Daisley, K.W. 1973 Routine haematologicalmethods for use with fish blood. Journal of Fish Biology,5: 771–781.Boguhn, J., Rodehutscord, M., Makkar, H.P.S. & Becker, K.2010. Amino acid digestibility of detoxified Jatropha kernelmeal in turkeys. In: Abstracts of the 13th European PoultryConference, 23–27 August 2010, Tours, France. World´sPoultry Science Journal, 66(Supplement): 476.Booth, M.A. & Allan, G.L. 2003. Utilization of digestiblenitrogen and energy from four agricultural ingredientsby juvenile silver perch Bidyanus bidyanus. AquacultureNutrition, 9: 317–326.Buddington, R.K., Krogdahl, A. & Bakke-McKellep, A.M.1997. The intestines of carnivorous fish: structure andfunctions and the relations with diet. Acta Physiologica.Scandinavica, 161(Suppl. 638): 67–80.Carels, N. 2009. Jatropha curcas: A Review. Advances inBotanical Research, 50: 39–86.Cheng, Z.J., Hardy, R.W. & Usry, J.L. 2003. Effects oflysine supplementation in plant protein-based diets on theperformance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) andapparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients. Aquaculture,215: 255–265.Chivandi, E., Mtimuni, J.P., Read, J.S. & Makuza, S.M.2004. Effect of processing method on phorbol esterconcentration, total phenolics, trypsin inhibitor activity andthe proximate composition of the Zimbabwean Jatrophacurcas provenance: A potential livestock feed. PakistanJournal of Biological Science, 7: 1001–1005.Chivandi, E., Erlwanger, K.H., Makuza, S.M., Read, J.S. &Mtimuni, J.P. 2006. Effects of dietary Jatropha curcas mealon percent packed cell volume, serum glucose, cholesteroland triglyceride concentration and alpha-amylase activityof weaned fattening pigs. Research Journal of Animal andVeterinary Sciences, 1: 18–24.Cho, C.Y. & Kaushik, S.J. 1990. Nutritional energeticsin fish. Energy and protein utilization in rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri). World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics,61: 132–172.Cui, Y. & Liu, J. 1990: Comparison of energy budgetof six teleosts - 1. Food consumption, fecal productionand nitrogenous excretion. Comparative Biochemistry andPhysiology A-Physiology, 96(1): 163–171.de Barros, C.R.M., Ferreira, M.M.L., Nunes, F.M.,Bezerra, R.M.F., Dias, A.A., Guedes, C.V., Cone, J.W.,Marques, G.S.M. & Rodrigues, M.A.M. 2011. Thepotential of white-rot fungi to degrade phorbol estersof Jatropha curcas L. seed cake. Engineering in LifeSciences, 11(1): 107–110.Dehgan, B. & Webster, G.L. 1979. Morphology andintrageneric relationships of the genus Jatropha(Euphorbiaceae). University of California Publications inBotany, Vol. 74.Dehgan, B. 1982. Comparative anatomy of the petioleand infrageneric relationships in Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae).American Journal of Botany, 69: 1283–1295.Devappa, R.K., Makkar, H.P.S. & Becker, K. 2010a.Nutritional, biochemical, and pharmaceutical potential ofproteins and peptides from Jatropha: Review. Journal ofAgricultural and Food Chemistry, 58: 6543–6555.Devappa, R.K., Makkar, H.P.S. & Becker, K. 2010b. Jatrophatoxicity – A review. Journal of Toxicology and EnvironmentalHealth, Part B, 13: 476–507.Devappa, R.K., Makkar, H.P.S. & Becker, K. 2010c.Optimization of conditions for the extraction of phorbolesters from Jatropha oil. Biomass and Bioenergy, 34: 1125–1133.Devappa, R.K., Makkar, H.P.S. & Becker, K. 2011a. JatrophaDiterpenes: a review. 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BIOFUEL CO-PRODUCTS AS LIVESTOCK FE
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Recommended citationFAO. 2012. Biof
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vco-products to swine - Feeding cru
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viiCHAPTER 22Use of Pongamia glabra
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ixPrefaceHumans are faced with majo
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xiiCBMCBSCCDSCCKCDOCDSCFCFBCFRCGECI
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xivHCHOHClHCNHisH-JPKMHMCHPDDGHPDDG
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xviPPbPCVPDPEMPFADPhePJPKCPKEPKMPKO
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xviiiWBPWCGFWDGWDGSWDGSHWPCWTWWWNSK
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2Biofuel co-products as livestock f
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10Biofuel co-products as livestock
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35Chapter 3Impact of United States
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Impact of United States biofuels co
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101Chapter 6Hydrogen sulphide: synt
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Hydrogen sulphide in cattle fed co-
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155Chapter 8Utilization of crude gl
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Utilization of crude glycerin in be
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209Chapter 11Co-products from biofu
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Co-products from biofuel production
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275Chapter 15Sustainable and compet
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Sustainable and competitive use of
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291Chapter 16Scope for utilizing su
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Scope for utilizing sugar cane baga
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303Chapter 17Camelina sativa in pou
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Camelina sativa in poultry diets: o
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311Chapter 18Utilization of lipid c
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Utilization of lipid co-products of
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467Chapter 26An assessment of the p
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An assessment of the potential dema
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483Chapter 27Biofuels: their co-pro
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Biofuels: their co-products and wat
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501Chapter 28Utilization of co-prod
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Utilization of co-products of the b
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523Contributing authorsSouheila Abb
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Contributing authors 525for the Fee
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Contributing authors 527Friederike
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Contributing authors 529Sustainable
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Contributing authors 531During the
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Contributing authors 533(Hons.) and
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