Biofuel co-products as livestock feed - Opportunities and challenges

Use of detoxified jatropha kernel meal and protein isolate in diets of farm animals 375Dias, J. 1999. Lipid deposition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.):nutritional regulation of hepatic lipogenesis. Doctoral thesis.University of Porto, Portugal, and University of Bordeaux I,France. 190 p.Divakara, B.N., Upadhyaya, H.D., Wani, S.P. & GowdaC.L.L. 2010. Biology and genetic improvement of Jatrophacurcas L: A review. Applied Energy, 87: 732–742.Evans, F.J. 1986. Environmental hazards of diterpene estersfrom plants. pp. 1–31, in: F.J. Evans (editor). NaturallyOccurring Phorbol Esters. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL,USA.Foidl, N., Foidl, G., Sanchez, M., Mittelbach, M. & Hackel,S. 1996. Jatropha curcas L. as a source for the productionof biofuel in Nicaragua. Bioresource Technology, 58: 77–82.Forsythe, W.A. 1995. Soy protein, thyroid regulationand cholesterol metabolism. Journal of Nutrition,125: 619S–623S.Gaur, S. 2009. Development and evaluation of an effectiveprocess for the recovery of oil and detoxification of mealfrom Jatropha curcas. Master Thesis. Missouri University ofScience and Technology, USA.Ghittino, P. 1983. Tecnologia e patologia in aquacoltura. Vol1. Ed.Bono, Torino, Italy.Glencross, B.D., Booth, M. & Allan, G.L. 2007. A feed is onlyas good as its ingredients - a review of ingredient evaluationstrategies for aquaculture feeds. Aquaculture Nutrition,13: 17–34.Glencross, B.D., Evans, D., Jones, J.B. & Hawkins, W.E.2004. Evaluation of the dietary inclusion of yellow lupin(Lupinus luteus) kernel meal on the growth, feed utilizationand tissue histology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).Aquaculture, 235: 411–422.Goel, G., Makkar, H.P.S., Francis, G. & Becker, K. 2007.Phorbol esters: Structure, biological activity, and toxicity inanimals. International Journal of Toxicology, 26: 279–288.Goel, K.A., Kalpana, S. & Agarwal, V.P. 1984. Alachlortoxicity to a freshwater fish Clarias batrachus. CurrentScience, 53: 1051–1052.Gübitz, G.M., Mittelbach, M. & Trabi, M. 1999. Exploitationof the tropical oil seed plant Jatropha curcas L. BioresourceTechnology, 67: 73–82.Haas, W. & Mittelbach, M. 2000. Detoxification experimentswith the seed oil from Jatropha curcas L. Industrial CropsProducts, 12: 111–118.Haas, W., Sterk, H. & Mittelbach, M. 2002. Novel 12-deoxy-16-hydroxyphorbol diesters isolated from the seed oil ofJatropha curcas. Journal of Natural Products, 65: 1334–1440.Hamarneh, A.I., Heeres, H.J., Broekhuis, A.A. & Picchioni, F.2010. Extraction of Jatropha curcas proteins and applicationin polyketone-based wood adhesives. International Journalof Adhesion & Adhesives, 30: 615–625.Hansen, A.-C. 2009. Effects of replacing fishmeal with plantprotein in diets for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). PhDThesis. University of Bergen, Norway.Härdig, J. & Hoglund, L.B. 1983. On accuracy in estimatingfish blood variables. Comparative Biochemistry andPhysiology A-Physiology, 75(1): 35–40.Harter, T., Buhrke, F., Kumar, V., Focken, U., Makkar, H.P.S.& Becker, K. 2011. Substitution of fishmeal by Jatrophacurcas kernel meal: Effects on growth performance andbody composition of white leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei).Aquaculture Nutrition, 17: 542–548.Heller, J. 1996. Physic Nut. Jatropha curcas L. Promotingthe Conservation and Use of Underutilized and NeglectedCrops, No. 1. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute,Rome, Italy. 66 p.Irvin, F.R. 1961. Woody plants of Ghana (with special referenceto their uses). 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, London, UKJoshi, C. & Khare, S.K. 2011. Utilization of deoiledJatropha curcas seed cake for production of xylanasefrom thermophilic Scytalidium thermophilum. BioresourceTechnology, 102: 1722–1726.Joshi, C., Mathur, P. & Khare, S.K. 2011. Degradation ofphorbol esters by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PseA duringsolid-state fermentation of deoiled Jatropha curcas seedcake. Bioresource Technology, 102: 4815–4819.Kanazawa, A., Tanaka, N., Teshima, S.I. & Kashiwada. K.I.1971. Nutritional requirements of prawn: 2. Requirementfor sterols. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of ScientificFisheries, 37(3): 211–215.Katwal, R.P.S. & Soni, P.L. 2003. Biofuels: an opportunityfor socioeconomic development and cleaner environment.Indian Forester, 129: 939–949.Kaushik, S. J., Cravedi, J.P., Lalles, J.P., Sumpter, J.,Fauconneau, B. & Laroche, M. 1995. Partial or totalreplacement of fishmeal by soybean protein on growth,protein utilization, potential estrogenic or antigeniceffects, cholesterolemia and flesh quality in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 133: 257–274.Kaushik, S.J., Coves, D., Dutto, G. & Blanc, D. 2004. Almosttotal replacement of fishmeal by plant protein sourcesin the diet of a marine teleost, the European seabass,Dicentrarchus labrax. Aquaculture, 230: 391–404.King, A.J., He, W., Cuevas, J.A., Freudenberger, M.,Ramiaramanana, D. & Graham, I.A. 2009. Potential ofJatropha curcas as a source of renewable oil and animalfeed. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60: 2897–2905.Kisangau, D.P., Lyaruu, H.V.M., Hosea, K.M. & Joseph,C.C. 2007. Use of traditional medicines in the managementof HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections in Tanzania: a casein the Bukoba rural district. Journal of Ethnobiology andEthnomedicine, 3: 29, doi:10.1 186/1746-4269-3-29.Kramer, D.L. & Bryant, M.J. 1995. Intestine length in thefishes of a tropical stream. Relationships to diet – the long