Biofuel co-products as livestock feed - Opportunities and challenges

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Sustainable and competitive use of co-products as feed in the rural bio-ethanol industry 285Animals were distributed randomly into two groups:the first group received 1.5 kg/day/animal of a commercialconcentrate (18 percent protein and 67 percent TDN),and the second group received 1.0 kg/day/animal ofsupplement based on cassava and vinasse (21 percentprotein and 56 percent TDN). The group receiving thevinasse-based supplement was given a period of 10 daysto accustomize to the product. Weighing was conductedevery 21 days and supplement consumption assessed,taking into account the daily supply of supplement. Thecommercial supplement and the supplement based oncassava were weighed in the morning. In the afternoon,the feeders were reviewed to collect and weigh thewastes or leftovers. In both cases, the consumption ofsupplements was complete. The assessment of the weightgains indicated that those animals that consumed thesupplement of cassava and vinasse had better performancethan the animals given the commercial product. Weightgains were on average 0.48 kg/day whereas the commercialconcentrate gave weight gains averaging 0.36 kg/day(P
286Biofuel co-products as livestock feed – Opportunities and challengesECONOMIC VIABILITY OF THE USE OFNUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS IN ANIMALFEEDINGThe economic viability of the use of nutritionalsupplements for animal feeding based on the by-productsand co-products from sugar cane and cassava biofueloperations will depend on the cost of producing thenutritional supplements and their price competitivenessin relation to the price of similar products available in thecommercial market. Table 13 presents the complete costof producing a nutritional supplement (block) using theRUSBI approach.In the Colombian cattle sector, the use of nutritionalsupplements is common, although the percentage of cattlegrowers that uses them is still limited. In some cases, thetransportation costs to the areas with large cattle operationsincreases the final costs of the nutritional supplements.The products commercially available are presentedin the form of blocks, with a weight of 25 kg each, usuallyincluding molasses and urea. As of August 2011, the costof a multinutritional block was 28 000 Colombian pesos(US$ 15.55). The unit cost of nutritional block is US$ 0.622/kg from the RUSBI process, while commercial blocks are52 percent more expensive. This large margin impliestremendous market potential for these nutritional supplementsin the animal feed sector.The technical and economic feasibility of using by-productsand co-products coming from a sugar cane- or cassava-basedbiofuel operation to produce supplements foranimal feeding has been demonstrated. It is possible to usethe nutritional supplements in animal feeding programmes,with good results in terms of both biological and economicTABLE 13Production costs for a nutritional block, based on producing 100 nutritional blocks of 15 kg eachParameter Unit Quantity Unit cost (US$) Total cost (US$)Variable costsBagasse Kilogram 289.5 0.13 37.64Fly ash Kilogram 300 0.016 4.80Clarified sludge Kilogram 375 0.05 18.75Molasses Kilogram 150 0.19 28.50By-products total cost 1114.5 89.69InputsUrea Kilogram 60 0.49 29.40Mineral salt Kilogram 185.25 0.72 133.38Sulphur Kilogram 3 2.10 6.30Polymer Kilogram 2.25 7.30 16.43Calcium oxide Kilogram 135 0.55 74.25Inputs total cost 385.5 259.76Total costs of raw material 1.500.0 349.45Other costsElectric power kwh 13.78 0.11 1.52Water m³ 6 0.75 4.50Qualified operator 1 Hour 4.78 2.13 10.18Qualified operator 2 Hour 4.78 4.27 20.41Total other costs 36.61Selling costPackaging 1 cardboard box 100 0.06 6.00Transport US$/block 100 0.05 5.00Total cost of sales 11.00Total variable costs 397.05Fixed costsAdministration (5% of production cost) 18.81Unforeseen (5% of production cost ) 18.81Maintenance (5% of production cost) 18.81Total fixed costs 56.43Total production cost per 100 blocks of 15 kg = 453.48.Total production cost per kilogram of nutritional block = 0.302Source: CLAYUCA, 2009
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BIOFUEL CO-PRODUCTS AS LIVESTOCK FE
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Recommended citationFAO. 2012. Biof
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vco-products to swine - Feeding cru
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viiCHAPTER 22Use of Pongamia glabra
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ixPrefaceHumans are faced with majo
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xiiCBMCBSCCDSCCKCDOCDSCFCFBCFRCGECI
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xivHCHOHClHCNHisH-JPKMHMCHPDDGHPDDG
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xviPPbPCVPDPEMPFADPhePJPKCPKEPKMPKO
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xviiiWBPWCGFWDGWDGSWDGSHWPCWTWWWNSK
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2Biofuel co-products as livestock f
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10Biofuel co-products as livestock
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35Chapter 3Impact of United States
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Impact of United States biofuels co
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101Chapter 6Hydrogen sulphide: synt
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Hydrogen sulphide in cattle fed co-
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155Chapter 8Utilization of crude gl
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Utilization of crude glycerin in be
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209Chapter 11Co-products from biofu
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Co-products from biofuel production
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Page 253 and 254: 234Biofuel co-products as livestock
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351Chapter 21Use of detoxified jatr
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Use of detoxified jatropha kernel m
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379Chapter 22Use of Pongamia glabra
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Use of Pongamia glabra (karanj) and
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403Chapter 23Co-products of the Uni
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Co-products of the United States bi
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467Chapter 26An assessment of the p
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An assessment of the potential dema
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483Chapter 27Biofuels: their co-pro
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Biofuels: their co-products and wat
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501Chapter 28Utilization of co-prod
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Utilization of co-products of the b
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523Contributing authorsSouheila Abb
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Contributing authors 525for the Fee
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Contributing authors 527Friederike
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Contributing authors 529Sustainable
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Contributing authors 531During the
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Contributing authors 533(Hons.) and
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Biofuel co-products as livestock feed - Opportunities and challenges

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