joint strategic needs assessment foundation profile - JSNA

Interative Hull Atlas: www.hullpublichealth.org/Pages/hull_atlas.htm More information: www.jsnaonline.org and www.hullpublichealth.org
6 DEPRIVATION AND ASSOCIATED MEASURES
6.1 Introduction
Unemployment, poor housing, lack of qualifications, crime and many other social and
environmental factors all indirectly affect the health of the population. Different scales
and scores have been produced which attempt to measure deprivation. In general, in
relation to national averages, Hull has a higher unemployment rate, more poor housing,
residents qualified to a lower level and higher levels of crime. Increased deprivation
means that there is poorer health, but this is compounded as poor health also affects
other measures such as employment and motivation to improve employment, education
and the person‟s environment such as housing. In addition, those who live in the most
deprived area are more likely to have risk factors for ill health such as smoking, poor
diet, lack of exercise, etc. It is also generally more difficult to change lifestyle behaviour
if the environment is more stressful resulting from poorer employment prospects and
housing, increased debt, relationship problems, etc.
6.2 Inequity
Owing to the relationship between deprivation and ill health, one would expect „need‟ for
healthcare to increase as deprivation increases, and that a positive relationship would
be obtained say between rates of hospital admissions or treatment and deprivation. If
such a relationship did not exist, then it could mean that treatment is not reflecting „need‟
and that there may be inequity present. Premature death is generally defined as death
occurring under the age of 75 years, and this is generally used when examining inequity.
Risk factor data was collected as part of the Health and Lifestyle Surveys (Public Health
Development Team 2005; Porter, Sheikh Iddenden et al. 2008; Sheikh Iddenden, Porter
et al. 2008) and the Social Capital Survey (Hunter, Lee et al. 2005) (see section 13.2 on
page 790 and section 13.4 on page 805 both in APPENDIX for details of survey and
definitions used for risk factors respectively).
It is possible to assign an Index of Deprivation (IMD) 2007 score (see page 131 for more
information about this index) based on the lower layer super output area (LLSOA) which
included their postcode (of residence) for people taking part in surveys or based on the
deceased‟s postcode for analysis involving mortality information (from the Public Health
Mortality File; for more information on the PHMF see section 12.9 on page 778). The
individuals were then grouped into one of five deprivation quintile groups according to
the distribution of the local quintiles for the LLSOAs 10 .
10 See section 3 on deprivation. There are 163 LLSOAs in Hull which are ranked according to their IMD
2007 deprivation score. Those LLSOAs in the most deprived quintile locally have a rank of 1 to 33, those
in the second most deprived group are ranked 34 to 65, those lower layer SOAs in the middle group are
ranked 66 to 98, those in the second least deprived group are ranked 99 to 130 and those LLSOAs in the
least deprived fifth locally equate to a rank of 131 to 163.
Joint Strategic Needs Assessment Foundation Profile – Hull Health Profile: Release 3. March 2011. 111