joint strategic needs assessment foundation profile - JSNA

Interative Hull Atlas: www.hullpublichealth.org/Pages/hull_atlas.htm More information: www.jsnaonline.org and www.hullpublichealth.org
10.2.3 Colorectal Cancer
10.2.3.1 Risk Factors
Cancer Research UK gives information on the risk factors for colorectal cancer (Cancer
Research UK 2008) as detailed in this paragraph. Colorectal cancer incidence is
generally higher in populations with „westernised‟ diets and these populations also tend
to have a higher proportion of overweight and obese people and lower levels of
exercise. Risk factors include increased consumption of red and processed meat, low
fibre intake, obesity (effect stronger in men and effect may be influenced by oestrogen),
and increased alcohol consumption. There is a reduction in the risk of colorectal cancer
with higher intake of fish, and there is some evidence to suggest that the risk is also
lowered with higher fibre intake, higher intake of fruit and vegetables and higher levels of
calcium and some vitamins. The higher intake of fruit and vegetables may be linked to
folate which has shown to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer but the synthetic form of
folate (folic acid) shows no reduction in risk. Individuals, particularly men, with high
levels of physical activity throughout their lives are at lower risk for colon cancer but it is
uncertain whether physical activity modifies rectal cancer risk. Some medications may
decrease the risk such as regular used of aspirin, use of hormone replacement therapy
and use of the oral contraceptive pill may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.
10.2.3.2 Incidence
Information relating to the incidence of colorectal cancer is given in section 10.2.1.2 on
page 502.
10.2.3.3 Inpatient Hospital Admissions
Table 255 gives the total number of daycase and inpatient admissions over the three
year period 2007/08 to 2009/10 and the average annual directly age standardised
admission rate for admissions (DSR) where the primary diagnosis was colorectal cancer
(for at least one of the clinician episodes during the hospital stay) per 100,000 resident
population (standardised to Hull‟s 2009 population). As previously mentioned, usage of
services will depend on many different things, such as prevalence of risk factors and
disease, willingness of visit GPs, referral rates within Primary Care, accessibility of
Primary and Secondary Care services, etc.
Joint Strategic Needs Assessment Foundation Profile – Hull Health Profile: Release 3. March 2011. 549