affonso augusto da costa - 1899 - Faculdade de Direito da UNL
affonso augusto da costa - 1899 - Faculdade de Direito da UNL
affonso augusto da costa - 1899 - Faculdade de Direito da UNL
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T!)8 IllST. IKJ CriG.4N. .lrJDlC. PUIlT. NA 'IEIICEIRA RBCCHA<br />
- - - -- - - -- -<br />
lrrt~~i~~cii~s ;IS suns lic'iiotiicns scssGcs judiciarias, acalsa~n<br />
IIIII' (lc!crl\~?r ~IJII 11 SPII I~,ilrun;ll tle Lontlres as iausas mais<br />
~~'il~os. E ~ 1s &iz~!s dl: i.ir~~tl;~(lo 112o p~~ureilcrn <strong>de</strong> rnorlo cliverso.<br />
As cuosns s3o 11or ellcs Ircqncu~cniente adia<strong>da</strong>s dc<br />
sc!ssao llilra scssZo urn conskquellcra <strong>da</strong> 11ecessa1,ia brevicl:~rlc<br />
tlas sessT,es (]lie pei,iorlicarnr~lte crle1)rarn elrl ra<strong>da</strong> tlln<br />
tlns I~illlr~rnes rlu. res~iect~li~o -. c!r.rrtilo. - - E tl'aq~~i sb res~ilta<br />
para :IS ~~nl.les o~aior tlespeza, mcris sensirel per<strong>da</strong> cle tea~po<br />
e nr;~ior irnlwrfcif5o !le jalgamento.<br />
Ncm se snl~por~ha rl11c corn 131 systc111a 110ssa consegoir-se<br />
IIIIIiI IIOI;I\~~I 1ci1111'~io (10 l?e>suill j!~dicalrto. Ain<strong>da</strong> ua Inglillcl'ra,<br />
sc sio cl'~cclivamc~~lc lror~cos us juizes lilularcs,<br />
I I ~ I llrlla \'e~,rla~lei~~a n~l~llidfio tle ~ux~liares~rlne, sob drversos<br />
1li~111c.s c cl~~nlitladcs, coopernm com clles na inslrac$io<br />
e llccis211 tlos lr1,ot:essos. I: assim ;I jusl.i~n, em vez (18 olfe-<br />
rcccr ;i 11;1r9o lorln a cl;rr>eza P, leal<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> qoe ella lern o.rli-<br />
r.cil~ 110 exrgir, [~d>bd-se IIO ~- mvslerio e sob o manto <strong>da</strong><br />
rji~;isi - irr~csl1011snbilicla1.1e 110s f~~t~ccionarios.<br />
0 lrerigo rlas relil~Ges pessoaes 112o dimir~ne, antes, porvr!~~l~u,a,<br />
;illgrr~el~lil IXr)rrl la1 systr:n,a. Ao cabo <strong>de</strong> algnns<br />
annos, os nr;rgislratlos lhem conl~ecirncntos ern ca<strong>da</strong> uma<br />
tlns localirl;~~les cm qoc aduninisll am jusli~a ; e esses conhec~mcl~los<br />
11o<strong>de</strong>13o cxerccr* i~lfl~lcucia 111ais nefaslta do clue<br />
11s (In s~'!ile fis:~, [rul,c]ue, atliii, :I cb~isilra cl;~ oi1i11iXo publica,<br />
t!scr,ccntlt~-sc ir~il~lciruplarnentc, i)odcl,i iinlret111- ~rrelllor essa<br />
~III~II(~I~GI~I.<br />
1hr1li111, ti. j~r.u/t((i (i 17orm dr urr<strong>da</strong> crtlndc?o urna \,ez no<br />
nuao b Ire111 luellos rt~~clmvel do qlle n jrrslica SOI~II.C co~a<br />
crri l(1t111 e rj~~alq~~ci. mon~entu crn qua scrj;~ r~cccssaric~.<br />
I'OI isso corn ~,azFio os iiossos Il.il~l~l~aes sZo ll~je todos<br />
~rc~'~n:~r~eultrs qua~~to :lo e.1xI(o sub qualq~rer tPos aspi:los<br />
cllle a 1111esl~t~ se colliirl~re. Se nnlr'ora Ira~ia ctlra<strong>da</strong>s<br />
tin jt~slicts c r.n?,inlissiirs cJspc'c.ia~s para o j~~lgarnento <strong>de</strong> cerlos<br />
ci,it~lc:s 011, I~ICSI~O, tle tlote~~~ni~iail;l; carisas c~veis, l~oje ji<br />
n:~tl;r tl isso c1,xisle (e:lrl;l c,oi~sl., 81.1. 145 .IGj. Se, 110s<br />
l11i11~ei1.u~ SCCIIIOS (la IWSSH IIII~LI;II'C~I~~I,<br />
OS Iribunaes <strong>de</strong> re-<br />
c,urso eram amhu\ant,es, liois i~companbn\~aln o monarclla<br />
para on<strong>da</strong> qucr que elle fosse, clestle 113 m~~ito, e \lor motivos<br />
jh no seculo xvr reconl~eciilt~s e ileclarados cm tliplomas<br />
oficiaes, dr,ixalmaln co~~~plclau~cutc dc o ser. I', se, j;i<br />
<strong>de</strong>pois do estal~elecimento rlo ~,egimen Ilberal, as audiencias<br />
geraes se faziam em diversas cabqas <strong>de</strong> c~rculvs dc ju1,ados<br />
coml)rel~eud~clos na inesma comarca, I I ~ C fdzoni-se'lo<strong>da</strong>s<br />
na sB<strong>de</strong> <strong>da</strong> circumscrip@o comarc5, on<strong>de</strong> o jniz <strong>de</strong> tlireilo<br />
es16 sempre i disposi~ao rlos ci<strong>da</strong>tl3os que, (10 qnalrlner<br />
log~r comprel~enditlo n'ella, re~~l~am, eln furma legal pedir-<br />
Ihe justi~a. (Cont'. c. pen., art. 308 #$ 1 e 2; e rcg~m. <strong>de</strong><br />
20 <strong>de</strong> fevereiro <strong>de</strong> 1804, arlt. 124 e 1%)<br />
9 0. Coltdielcs gcracu <strong>da</strong> j~tsli~a civil rno11cr11a : 1,) llinr:~rel~in.<br />
-A queslgo sobre se clcve aclm~ltir-sc uma I~ierarcl~ia<br />
jucliciaria e em geral resolv~<strong>da</strong> 1)el:rs legisla~6cs n'om selltido<br />
affirmative, a <strong>de</strong>spelto tlos proleslos ile alguns doulrinarios<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>rnos.<br />
f'on<strong>de</strong>rando caulelosamente turlo clr~anto se allega em<br />
torno do importante arguniento, 6 licilo dizer quc, n'um<br />
ponto <strong>de</strong> vista 11leramenI.e alrst,ri~cto, po<strong>de</strong>rB soslenlar-sc<br />
a aboli~Io <strong>de</strong> qnalquer h~erarch~a e, citrn alln, do d~reilo<br />
<strong>de</strong> recurso, uma vcz rye o officio dc magistrado <strong>de</strong>ve ser<br />
confiaclo ctos manis hoizestos I. cnparrs e clue convem proce<strong>de</strong>r<br />
a sua escollla <strong>de</strong> no do a elimnlar a ~~ossib~licl~~le clc oul.ros<br />
mais liouestos e capazes do que os norneados modificarem<br />
e nlell~orare~rl as <strong>de</strong>cisfies d'aqnelles. Em laes circumstarrcias,<br />
con1 elleito, a nlell~or administr:~~Jo (la jnslica rrlrlem-se<br />
do magisirado quc, prirneiro e unico, esarninar ;) cansa on<br />
o facto controverso. O estabelecimenlo <strong>da</strong> lrlerarchia j11rl1ciaria<br />
equlvaler~a, entZo, a confessar a jmpote.ncia do Est.;~do<br />
para organizar ulna bBa e valiosa magistrali~r;~.<br />
Descenrlo, porBm, ao terreilo c,oncrcto, ~cr~fica-sc ijlle.<br />
se a ~er<strong>da</strong>tle B nrna sb e a jusli~a nlo <strong>de</strong>le, nil sua conceppso<br />
i<strong>de</strong>al, careccr (lo retlajsrto tla ver<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong>, -- em toc'lo