382 A ORGANIZAFAO JUDlCTilRrA I331 GERAL do ili~.riln; b) verificar se os mestnos lribnoaes admiltiram para provar os factos a especie <strong>de</strong> prova prescripts pela lei; c) e <strong>de</strong>duzir dos factos a inten~jn <strong>da</strong>s pessoas qne in- Icrvicram em qnalqner acto joridico, q~~audo a lei nlan<strong>da</strong> attenlle~~ a elln para a ver<strong>da</strong>tleil-a irrler[~ret,ai;20 d'esse aclo (c. civ., niall. 378, (ifi.5, (234, 1555. 1761, 1801 e ,1837; e c. cum., icrl. 463, n.' 3). Nulna p~lavra o supremo tribilnal ile j~lslic;a, como I.t,ibunal <strong>de</strong> recurso <strong>de</strong> revista, apenas <strong>de</strong>ve apl'wcia~. os factos, as conseqnencins d'elles <strong>de</strong>riva<strong>da</strong>s, a maoeira coino foram provados e as ioteu~Bcs dos qrle ilelles inlerviera~n qnaurlo isso importe 3 <strong>de</strong>lermina~50 do direito appl~cavel -- filn para clue c,onvergem to<strong>da</strong>s as saas atlenyfies. 11j Quar~to ails lirllilcs do recurso <strong>de</strong> revista, a nossa le- gisla~;lo, o1)eclecentlo ;ios prirlripios 13 exposton, rsldlue que, IIUA casos ;~rinia ;~pool.atlos, si~ telilla lognr a i~iterl)osi~Io tl'esse I,ecnrsn rln;tndo ;IS c;tusas i:icvis e co~l~merciaes fol,em d;~s erruo~e~~~~tlas rlo art. 43 do coil. tle pr. c.iv. ou tirer~eln valr~r anpnrior a 4001000 reis no contioenle e rlhas e a 6clUSOUO i'i?is liirtes no 1:501J rupias no nllramar, e quando ;IS cI\usas c~~~rn~nacs respeitarem a crilnes cujas pcnas es- cetlerem as alcailas <strong>da</strong>s ~.~la~T,es; nov. ref. jud., arl. 188; IIAC. 11." file 29 cle maisyo rle 1980, arlt.. 1, $ I, e 3, $ I I ; ll~~oislli tlr I[yidlz(.fio 0j7,ris~ir-rttl~17~1i1~, \;sill, p. 498: regiin. rle %I cle fevereiro <strong>de</strong> 1801, arl.. 58, $ 2). Ila, l~o~,dm, logar a 1-ecllrso <strong>de</strong> revisla ~nterposto drreclanlenle tlo <strong>de</strong>s()acl~o clo jmz rlne n~nil<strong>da</strong> soltar o accusado julgatlo corn rnterven~8o tle ~III-y pelt ijl;to <strong>de</strong> este res- ~~ontlel~ clue o crime 1130 estli provaclo, <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> rluc haja 11111liila~le no processo e se teul1:i proleslado coillra ella antes cln <strong>de</strong>cisSo ti11 jury, n5o po<strong>de</strong>udo, en1 tal caw, o supremo lrilr~inal conl~ecer <strong>de</strong> oulra null~<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> cine 112o seja ac~oella 1101' qne se lel~l~a ~)rotestaclo (nov. ref. jud., art. ll(i3; e <strong>de</strong>c. uqO rle ,I:i cle seb~nll~o [le 1392, ~11.1. 27). l'aes s5o os lerrni~s 11o rer:nrso tle l.evisli~, e 1211 ti a I~ie- ~,at.clir:~ tlos 11~il~11riaes llortuguezcs. 97. 0ntl.a~ contli~ics !jerilcs <strong>da</strong> jusli~~a ~rluBcrnr. - Taos sIo as pritlc~r~acs coudi~loes <strong>da</strong> just~~a mo<strong>de</strong>rna. Alcm d'ellas disc~ile-se airl<strong>da</strong> se os t~~ibl~naes <strong>de</strong>ve~n ser collcctivos on slngulare,~, como se vd em Mh.r'rlno~o (oh. cii., (1. 77-78) e em lllo~r~nna (oh. cil., 11. 88-01) e no lo1liel.o especial, <strong>da</strong>~lo a estampa em 1868 por Lo18i) lT~z nE SA~IFAI~ 1s MELLO, con? o l~lulo Eslfirlos sobvc o orqnni~n~do~~riIzciu~~~ 11 - Ti.ibzr~xz~s collcclicos e sz~/g~rlares. A fnltn cle tempo obriga-nos a resumir n qnesl.Zo ilizendo cine, erobora, tlleoricarnente, se <strong>de</strong>feilcla cum l,azUus rrrais acceil,aveis o p~,irlci[~lo (la plui~al~<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> dos ju~zes, 1l;r 1)r:lllca tern-se reco1111ecido a ilnpussilril~<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> e, por vexes, a incouve~~iericia <strong>de</strong> o alq)l~car is magistralnras inferiores e ans 11rolxios lrilll~~~aes <strong>de</strong> pri~neira i~~statlc~a. k o qrle ~r~crslra o illustre 3101i.r~~~ 110 seu resumo do estatlo acll~al <strong>da</strong> le- gislac;Zo dos povos cl~itos sobre cssc assumplo (p. !)I), c e o que sempre se tcln e111~11(li(lo e ~praticado elitre ribs, salvo peqnenas terllativas sen1 resultado. No estado presen1.e <strong>da</strong>s finall~as portuguezas p6<strong>de</strong> atit dizer7-se qne a qlleslio [em perjueno ioteresse por ser i~npossivel augtnentar os encargns publicos coln o cstabelecinier!lo <strong>de</strong> tribuoaes collecl~vos cn? primclra instancla, cluaesrl~~er que fossern as garantias <strong>de</strong> pcrfcic;io nos j~llganlenlos clue d'ciles clevcssem espcrar-se. . 1 . arnl~cn~ se ilrscnle se os juizes tlcvem ser eleilos pelo povo ou nomeados pelo porler go\;e~~r~arr~erital. A questgo offerece liqe perllleno ilrteresse. X pratica <strong>da</strong> eIeicHo dos mag~strados nos povos clue a admilli~~am tern sido 130 perniciosa para o exerclclo tlas luncyijes tle julgar que, salvo os pul~licistas alacarlos tlo preconce~to <strong>de</strong>mocratico, jli hoje illo se l~esila cm petllr a ~lomeaelo cla rnagistralura. UH:
1.esl.n os ltl'irrcilrins socinlngicos estTict <strong>de</strong> irecurdo cur~ a li@o dos hcbs: o conceitu do estado organico e :I condi- ~$0 <strong>da</strong> permanencin <strong>da</strong> justica exlgeln n nomeaq5o e repelle~n ;I elcirilo. Mun'r~na, obr.. cit., p. 76 e scgg., fil~~rl[co~o, obr. (:it., 11. 70 e segg., e ~nuitas~ootr,?s aucloriilatles insuspeilas esi.50 Iloje, ;rlte~-Lame~~lc, an 1;lth r1'csl.a~ i~leias, I~II~:, elrlr,~? 110s. se allir~na~,;r~rl CUIII a conslanle nomea~8o ~lus jrlizes log;~tlos rle 11rilneii.a e segu~tc-I;I iostnocl;t e clr~ 11~1Li1~u;rl so[wenlv e co~r~ 11 ab:~~~do~~ct srlccesslvo, cliversas vczcs uoluilo ~ro I~vro ;~r~lel.~or, rln eleiyzr) 11opillo especial, [per en~lini os c!stal~elec~rnentos publrcos perte~~centes socie<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong> eslcjtrm comprometlrdos, -6 do interesse e do <strong>de</strong>ver <strong>da</strong> soclecla<strong>de</strong> 1130 ficar especla[lo~.a inil~fferente : pb<strong>de</strong> e <strong>de</strong>ve consliluir-se parle, e vigiar pela manulen~$o o pela al!plicaBo <strong>da</strong>s lcis. Tal B a razlao logica d'essa magistratura nor?, colilleci<strong>da</strong> rlas i11st11111~6es tle moitos paizcs sob o nolnc clc miuisterio 1111b11co. ,L Qual sera a origem d'es1.a magi~l~~atllra? Blguus anctores, percorrentlo a 1listo1,ia do direilo romano, suppozcram en-
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Synthese das ~releqses do Ex? Sr. D
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C.APITUI.O IT Rela~oes entre o pode
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96. Concllls~o : farictBo, cnrncter
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2. J,OIJRI' qlle a orga~~ira~io j11
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li~lom:~ e por outros qiie o ~orl~p
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1:ni o rll~i! ox I I I ~ ~ ~ ~ YICO
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A cvolur;8o ria orgauiza~Xo j~tdici
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B a~pella~.Xo, ell1 priacipio, 6 pe
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conseilnencia a imniobiliilarle e a
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ser lcsnrlo, ncln n collccti.ridade
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ilidr~z, a 1150 sw 110s oasos oxccl
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Net11 obsta a circnmstancia cle, 1x
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11ro~,itlencia.s Go sosceptiveis rl
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Ora esses principios cle dimito nat
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llierarcllia juilicial e sc~~l a me
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1789 oste Y~~IIII i? Ioi jutlici:ll
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Este pollto n"n oofforoco rlilvicla
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110s tnn~l,iiuc~ltas tiit ~lictntla
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As questBes d'orclem arln~inistrati
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denta,es, taes conlo as do regnlame
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.Historia do organis~no judicial po
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I'ostei,iu~.~nontr, rlircrsos reis,
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IllS'I'. DO ORGAN. JIJDIC. PORT. NA
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86 1IISr. DO ORGAN. JtJDIC. PORT. N
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d l p ~ e i e ~ nrliiurn, ~ ta.~lih
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ni -- IllSr. DO OIIGAN. JlJIliC. PO
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cnsinal* nos jnizes o mollo como tl
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,\ssim, nr~s tcrras cutitadas ou l~
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LUG IIlS'l'. DO OllGAN. JUDIC. POI\
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210 MIST. DO ORGAN. JUDIC. PORT. NA
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114 Ills?.. IlO ORGAN. JUlllC. POII
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d 18 IIIST. DO ORGAN. JUDIC. PORT.
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424 HIST. DO OHG,\N. JUDIC. I'OL1T.
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;I ~loLrczn c o elero relomaram a j
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1 IIlST. DO OnGAS. JUDlC. PORT. NA
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1 : IllSl'. [I0 ORGAN. JUDIC. PORT.
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:Is :~~~,ril)uiqGes ct~nt~:ncios;ls
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14 4 IIIST. DO OIlGbN. JUDIC. POI1T
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A constilrtip?io permittia aioda, n
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senleupas pcla jnstipa, qua~~do n5o
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A carta foi jurada. Fizeram-se 3s e
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160 HIST. DO ORGAN. JUDIC. PORT. NA
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teslemsnll;ts, coulra~lictnr as rlo
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172 IIlSl'. DO OHGAN. JUDlC. POnT.
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punicao, qxar o grau maxirno, rnkdi
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180 HIST. DO onGA?r. JUUlC. PORT. N
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11) elrl c;lil;l ilkrr 110s jr~lgar
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Proc~~ro~l R4ousr~clo re1neili:lr e
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contincntnes ', cst:~s em, 7!)6 coo
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ao carllcl lrgislativo as p~~o'lirl
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g 800 IlISl'. Do ORGAN. J1:DIC. POI
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20h IllST. DO ORGAN. JUDlC. PonT. N
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e lircparn~5o ilns causas que se el
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Esle regirnellto de 15 ile de~zemhr
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e tins q~lc sc cstabelecessem nas i
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